高考英语语法复习----简单句并列句复合句

英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence=主句+从句)•主语＋不及物动词（S+Vi）•主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S+Vt+O)•主语＋系动词＋表(S+LV+predicative)•主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)•主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语•(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)•There+be/stand/lie/live...简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions表联合的连词表转折或对比的连词：表选择的连词：表因果的连词：and,when(=andjustatthistime就在这时)等but(但是，可是),while(而，却),yet(可是)等。or(或者,还是；否则),otherwise(要不然)等。for(因为),so(因此)等其它平行结构：not…but…,either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,wouldrather…than…(宁愿……不愿……),ratherthan(而不),aswellas(既……也……)等。。1.when相当于andthen,justthen,atthetime,一般放在第二个分句句首.Weplayedoutsidetillsunsetwhenitbegantorain.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenitbegantorain.2比较but和however的用法Hesaiditwasso;hewasmistaken,however3.while表示对照关系Heaskedhisfatherwhyhecouldn’thatchchickenswhilehenscould.•4.for,so连接并列句表示因果关系•for引导的分句是对前面的句子加以解释或推断,一般用逗号隔开.引导的句子不用于句首.•Someoneiscoming,forthedogisbarking.•Heshookhishead,forhethoughtdifferently•so表示因果关系•Itwaslate,soImustgohome.•比较:so和therefore•Iknowlittleaboutit;thereforeIcan’tgiveyouanyadvice.•改错：并列连词的误用和漏用1or与and混用2but与and混用3but，although连用，但yet,still可与although连用4so与because连用。5.并列连词的漏用1)(2015)Inthecountryside,theairiscleanorthemountainareclean.2)(2013)Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimapartfromothersinourtown,hewasstrongandpowerful.4.Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.5.Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.并列连词是否连接同等的成分改错1.(2015II)Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.2.(2015II)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.3.Notonlydidwewritetoher,butalsotelephonedher.4.1.Bringtheflowersintoawarmroom____they’llsoonopen..2.Ihavetriedtoadviseher________shewon’tlisten3.Ithenrealizedshehadnoarms____legs，justahead，neckandtorso.4.Hetooktheoldmannotjustacrosstheriver，____tohishome5Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.and一、单句填空灵活运用.but/yetforbutor6.Startoutrightaway,___you’llmissthefirsttrain..7Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.8WearegoingtothebookstoreinJohn’scar.Youcancomewithus___youcanmeetustherelater9.Someofusdon’thavemuchpocketmoney,___theyfeelunhappy.10.79.3％ofthesurveyednetizenssaythattheirmainmotivationistohelptheirparentstoliveabetterlife____67.7％claimthattheyworkhardinordertochangetheirownfate.orwhenorsowhile二、单句改错1.Unfortunately,Iwon’tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.although→because因“我有一个重要的会议要出席”是“我不能去机场接你”的原因，引导原因状语从句，用because。2.Theclimatehereispleasant.Itisneithertoohotortoocold.or→nor因neither…nor..(既不……也不……)是固定搭配。3.Althoughhewasthewealthiestmaninthetown,buthedidn’tfeelhappyatall.去掉but因已有连词Although(虽然)了，后面就不再用but了。4.Hecouldhavewonthematch.Otherwise,hebrokehisleg.Otherwise→However句意是：他本来可以赢这场比赛的，然而，他摔断了腿。5.Youhavetoreviewallyourlessons,andyouwon’tpasstheexam.and→or因“祈使句+or(否则)+陈述句(用一般将来时)”是固定句式。6.Thechancetowinthematchisslim,sotheywon’teasilygiveup.so→but/yet前后意义是转折关系。7.Lastyear,SandraimmigratedtoSpainandshedidn’tseemtoadapttothelifethere,shemovebacktoChina.(1)and→but根据句子意思，前后是转折关系，用but。(2)在shemoved之前加上so这两个句子之间缺少连词，而且“返回”是“不适应”的结果，引出结果的分句用so(因此)。8.Iwillbefreealltheweekend,therefore,eitherSaturdayandSundayisOK.(1)therefore→so因therefore只能做副词，不能作为连词连接两个句子；或在therefore前加and。(2)and→or因either…or是固定搭配。9.Asthelectureisuninterestinganddull,somoreandmorelistenersbegantoleave.去掉so因前面已有连词As(因为)了，就不再用连词了。10.Allofusareinfavoroftheideaofdoingsportseveryday,butitisbeneficialtoourhealthgreatly.but→because后句表示原因，引导原因状语从句用because。(武汉调研4月)PutyourselfinsituationswhereyouwillbeforcedtocommunicateinEnglish,___youwillseemoreprogressovertime.A.orB.soC.yetD.and(崇文4月)Youmustgetupearlyinthemorning,___we’llhavetoleavewithoutyouA.andB.butC.orD.so(’06四川,24)Startoutrightaway,___you’llmissthefirsttrain.A.andB.butC.orD.while(05’江苏,34)UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess___itrequiresattentionaswellasmoneyandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for(05’潍坊统考)Kidstalkfrequentlyaboutwhattheycando,___manyadultsdotheopposite,tendingtotalkaboutwhattheycan’tandwhy.A.andB.soC.forD.whileDDExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Hetoldmethenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.宾语howmuchh