初中一般过去时--精讲

一般过去时态一般过去时态（TheSimplePastTense)介绍1.定义：一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用；也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语连用。2.谓语动词变化：1.be动词2.行为动词（实义动词）3.时间状语：yesterdaylastnightin1990twodaysago等返回首页巧记时态什么是一般过去时？动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。行为动词(即实义动词)的过去式没有人称和数的变化。所有时态都是通过动词变化来表现的谓语构成1.动词be2.动词have,has3.助动词do,does4.行为动词用过去式was,werehaddid一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外)Iwenttoschoolyesterday.Theywenttoschoolyesterday.I___12yearsoldthisyear.我去年11岁.I____11yearsoldlastyear.He____inBeijingnow.他昨天在上海。He____inShanghaiyesterday.他现在在北京。Pleaselookatthesentences我今年12岁.amwasiswasThey____inChinatoday.他们今天在中国。They____inJapanyesterday.他们昨天在日本。areweream/iswasarewere每天，早餐我吃鸡蛋和牛奶。I____eggsandmilkforbreakfasteverymorning.昨天，早餐我吃面条。I____noodlesforbreakfastyesterdaymorning.他每天都吃水果。He_____fruiteveryday.昨天他吃了3个苹果。He_____3applesyesterday.have/hashadhavehashadhadIgetupat6:30everymorning.I___upat9:00lastSunday.Heplaysfootballeveryafternoon.He_____basketballyesterdayafternoon.Hedoeshishomeworkeveryevening.He____somereadinglastnight.动词原形、第三人称单数动词过去式gotplayeddidTheydon’twatchTVintheevening.They_________TVlastnight.Shedoesn’tplaybasketballafterschool.She_________basketballafterschoolyesterday.Doyougotoschoolonfooteveryday?___you__toschoolonfootyesterday.Doeshegotoschoolbybuseveryday?___he___toschoolbybusyesterday?don’t/doesn’tdo/doesdidn’tdiddidn’twatchdidn’tplayDidDidgogo一般过去时的谓语构成：由动词的过去式构成规则变化1.一般加ed2.以e结尾加d3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.work—workedchange—changedprefer—preferredstop—stopped规则动词过去式的构成1、一般词尾加-ed。如：stay→stayedhelp--helpedask--askedlook→lookedwatch--watched2、e结尾的只加-d。如：hope→hopedlove--loveddance--dancedlive→livedlive--lived3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.如：stop→stoppedplan(计划)→planneddrop--droppedbeg--begged4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾，y改为i,再加-ed。carry--carriedstudy--studiedhurry--hurried5.不规则变化.(见不规则动词表P148)过去式加-ed的读音1、在清辅音后，读清辅音/t/。worked/kt/helped/pt/passed/st/washed/t/watched/t/2、在浊辅音和元音后，读浊辅音/d/。played/d/carried/id/answered/d/lived/vd/used/zd/called/ld/3、在/t,d/音后面,读/id/。wanted/tid/needed/did/finishedenjoyedshoutedmovedhelpedwantedcalledneeded/t//d//Id//d//d//t//Id//Id/grow--grewknow--knewthrow--threwblow--blewwrite--wrotedrive--droveride--rodeget--gotforget--forgotlend--lentsend--sentspend--spentsay--said*/sed/pay--paidstand--stoodunderstand--understoodlet--letput--putcut--cutread--read*am,is--wasare--weredo--didgo--wenthave--hadsee--sawcan--couldmay--mightdig--dugeat--atefind--foundmake--madehear--heardrun--rantake--tookhold--heldspeak--spokeleave--leftkeep--keptsleep--sleptsweep--swepttell--toldsell--soldbegin--begansing--sangsit--satswim--swamring--ranggive--gavebring--broughtbuy--boughtthink--thoughtteach--taughtcatch--caughtcome--camebecome--became不规则动词的过去式巧记不规则动词过去式1.中间去e，末尾加t如：keep→kept，feel→felt，sleep→slept，sweep→swept2.结尾d变t如：build→built，lend→lent，send→sent，spend→spent3.遇见i改为a如：ring→rang，sit→sat，drink→drank，sing→sang，swim→swam，begin→began，give→gave4.“骑(马)”“开(车)”“写(字)”——把i变o如：ride→rode，drive→drove，write→wrote5.“想”“买”“带来”“打仗”——ought换上如：think→thought，buy→bought，bring→brought，fight→fought6.“教书”“抓住”——aught切莫忘如：teach→taught，catch→caught7.ow/aw改为ew是新时尚如：know→knew，grow→grew，throw→threw，draw→drew8.“放”“让”“读”过去式与原形一样如：put→put，let→let，read→read/red写出下列动词的过去式：runborrowgrowwatchwritesmileopenbeginswimcarrystudyfinishuselivewakekeepsaycleanbuyplaylearnseereadstopgothinkbehappengivebecomegetrainstaypassanswerwentthoughtwas/werehappenedgavebecamegotrainedstayedpassedansweredusedlivedwokekeptsaidcleanedboughtplayedlearnt/edsawreadstoppedranborrowedgrewwatchedwrotesmiledopenedbeganswamcarriedstudiedfinished三、一般过去时基本用法1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态LiuJiegotupat7:10thismorning.Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.2．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。ZhangYuanalwayswenttoschoolbybikelastyear.3．表示已故人所做的事情。LeiFenghelpedlotsofpeopleinhislife.(雷锋一生帮助了许多人。)4.表示过去所发生的一系列动作，用一般过去时。MissLiugotupatseveno’clockthismorning,dressed,hadbreakfast,andwenttowork.四、一般过去常用时间状语一般过去时一般都有明显的时间状语，它们可以是单词/短语或从句。1.yesterday,yesterday/morning/afternoon/evening，thedaybeforeyesterday等；2.lastnight(week，month，winter,year,Monday,Tuesday…)等；3.“时间段+ago”：amoment/twodays/ashorttimeago,anhourago等；4.由“介词+一时间名词”短语：onFriday,onMondaymorning,onApril15,onthenightofOct.1,in1998，……5.频度副词：often,always,但是句中必须有lastyear等修饰；6.其它：then,justnow,once,以及由after或before构成的介词短语等7.由某些表示过去时态的从句等。e.g.Igotupatfiveyesterday,butIdidn’tgetupsoearlythismorning.DidhewatchTVlastnight?IwasinGradeOnelastyear.1.与ago连用：amomenttwominutesthreehoursfivedaysoneweeksixmonthsfouryearsago用于一般过去时的时间状语lasttimenightweekmonthtermMondayyesterdaymorningafternooneveningthedaybeforeyesterday2.与last连用3.与yesterday连用：4.与one连用：onemorningeveningdayMondayafternoon5.与that连用：thatmorningwinterdayyearjustnowintheolddaysinthosedaysin1980theotherdayatthattimeonceuponatime6.其他时间状语：1。肯定句：主语+行为动词过去式主语+be动词过去式(was/were)e.g.Weplayedfootballyesterday.Iwasintheofficelastnight.一般过去时的肯定句行为动词一般过去时的否定式一般过去时的否定式是在动词原形前加助动词didnot(didn’t).主语+didn’t+动词原形I_________themthenews.I____(tell)themthenewsyesterday.didn’ttelltold行为动词一般过去时的疑问式一般过去时的一般疑问式在句首加助动词didDid+主语+动词原形……？They______(fin