英语强调句讲解.

强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。强调常见的表现形式如下：一、强调句型为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用强调句型：Itis(was+被强调部分+that(who…表示强调的it在句子中作主句的主语；被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用。如：LastnightIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.强调主语：ItwasIthat(or:whosawafilmintheYouthPalacelastnight.强调宾语：ItwasafilmthatIsawintheYouthPalacelastnight.强调地点状语：ItwasintheYouthPalacethatIsawafilmlastnight.强调时间状语：ItwaslastnightthatIsawafilmintheYouthPalace.另外，还要注意下面几点：1）在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.2）即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.3）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或how，而要用that。如：Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn'tgowithus.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlythatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.Itwasthehousethatthemurderhappened.4）在强调not…until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：Itis(wasnotuntil...that...注意此时原句的not…until要变成notuntil，that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：Myfatherdidn'tcomehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.5）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用Itis…that(who…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用Itwas…that(who…6）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：DidthishappeninBeijing?WasitinBeijingthatthishappened?7）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is(wasitthat...?如：Wherewereyouborn?Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?8）强调句型容易和句型Itis/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词Itis(was…that(who…去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的Itis/was…that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉Itis/was…that就不再完整：Itwastheruleoftheschoolthatthepupilsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.强调句型还容易跟Itis/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....that.....该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然,真的,肯定…”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.9强调句可以用作宾语从句。如：Hetoldmethatitwasbecausehewaslateforclassthathewaspunished.Ireallycan’trememberwhereitwasthatIfirstmettheman.10）强调句型可有如下变体：Itis/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：Itmaybemybikethatheisriding.Itmusthavebeenthemanagerthatspoketoyou.11）与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如：WhomwasitthatMr.Smithsawintheparkyesterday?Whyisitthatsilverisnotwidelyusedasaconductor?Whatabeautifulpictureitisthatyouhavedrawn!12）被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如：WasitBill,whoplaysfootballwell,thathelpedtheblindmancrosstheroad?Itwasintheschool,where（or：inwhich）Ioncestudied,thatweholdaparty.Wasitinthehouse,whichwevisitedlastyear,thatthemurderhappened?二、用助动词do或其变化形式does，did来强调句中谓语动词，用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气，译作“的确”，“一定”，“确实”。如：Hedidsendyoualetterlastweek.We’repleasedthatshedoesintendtocome.Dowritetomewhenyougetthere．三、用倒装句来加强语气。如：Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem．NeverwillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Infrontofthefarmhousetheresatalittleboy.四、用形容词,副词或者否定词very,never,ever,even,still,single，simply,just,only,too等来表示强调。如：Atthatverymonentheheardacryforhelp.Ican'tevenrememberthenameofthatoldfriendofmine.Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheofficethisafternoon．YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese．ThisisjustwhatIwanted．五、用what引导的名词性从句或wh-疑问词+ever构成的复合词引导的状语从句来强调从句中的主语，宾语或状语等。如：WhatMarydoeseverydayistogivepianolessons.Wheneveryoucometome,youcancomerightin.六、反复使用同一个词来加强语气，可反复使用词的一般是动词，副词，形容词和名词。如：Heworked(andworkeduntillateatnight.Theywalkedformilesandmiles．I'llnever,neverforgetyou.七、用“atall”，“ineveryway”，“innoway”，“byallmeans”，“bynomeans”，“onlytoo”，“alltoo”，“buttoo”，“inheaven”，“intheworld”，“inhell”，“onearth”，“underthesun”等来加强疑问或否定语气。如：Whereintheworlddidyougojustnow?Whatonearthareyoudoing?She'snotintheleastangrywithme.Theclerkisnotatallfitforthepost.八、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感。如：Howinterestingastoryitis！九、用反身代词表示强调。如：Imyselfwillseeheroffatthestation．Youcandoitwellyourself．十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：It'sbecauseofhardwork—tenyearsofhardwork．