82网络操作系统-Linux基础

[e-mail]2005RedHatLinux192219•1/etc/rc.d/init.d/networkinetdtelnettcpdumpC/etc/services/proc/net/routeNAGNetworkAdministratorsGuideCgetprotoent/etc/protocols/etc/networksNETWORKING=yesnoHOSTNAME=GATEWAY=rc.sysinit/etc/sysconfig/networkRedHatIfupifdownifcfg-eth0ifcfg-lo0/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/if*linux.swnu.edu.cn(linuxswnu.edu.cn)/etc/HOSTNAME•2“”IPnameserver/etc/resolv.confINET/usr/sbin/tcpd/etc/hosts.denyINET/usr/sbin/tcpd/etc/hosts.allow/etc/hostsbindnetconf/etc/host.confIPDNSNIS/etc/hosts.conf/etc/hosts•3gatedgated/etc/gated.confgated/etc/gated.versionrouted/etc/gatewayRPCNFS/etc/rpcsendmail/etc/sendmail.cfinetdinetd/etc/servicesservice_namesock_typeprotoflagsuserserver_pathargs/etc/inetd.confNFS/etc/exports19.1•19.1.1•19.1.2ISDN•19.1.3MODEM•19.1.4DNS•19.1.5•19.1.6•19.1.7profile•19.1.8devicealiases19.1•#redhat-config-network-gui#redhat-config-network-tui•#redhat-control-network19.1•v.s.devicealiases–profile/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0/etc/sysconfig/networking/profiles/*–eth0:1IP/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:119.2PPPPPPArchitectureOSIlayerPhysicalLayer(suchasEIA/TIA-232,V.24,V.35,ISDN)High-LevelDataLinkControl(HDLC)LinkControlProtocol(LCP)NetworkControlProtocol(NCP)(specifictoeachnetwork-layerprotocol)Upper-layerprotocols(suchasIP,IPX,AppleTalk)32119.2PPP19.2.1PPPPAPCHAP19.2.2PPP#dmesg|morePPP#ls/usr/sbin/pppd#ls/usr/sbin/chat#ls/etc/ppp19.2.3PPP19.2PPP19.2.3PPP1.KPPPPPP2.PPPscriptPPP#cp/usr/share/doc/ppp-2.4.1/scripts/ppp-o*/etc/pppppp-offppp-onppp-on-dialerppp-on-rshppp-on-ssh20TCP/IP20.1TCP/IP•/etc/hosts•/etc/networks•/etc/HOSTNAME•/etc/services•/etc/protocolsifconfig•#ifconfigeth0202.202.104.37netmask255.255.255.0•#ifconfigeth0up/down•#ifconfigppp0192.168.1.72pointtopoint204.166.254.14•#ifconfigeth0hwether00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF•#ifconfigeth0192.168.50.50netmask255.255.255.240\broadcast192.168.50.63•#ifconfigeth0:0202.202.104.38•#ifconfigeth0:1202.202.104.39route•#routeadd–hosthostnameorIPdevdevice•#routeadd–netnetwork-addressnetmaskdevdevice•#routeadd–netdefaultgwhostnameorIP•#route•#routeadd–host192.168.1.1deveth0•#routeadd–net192.168.1.0deveth0•#routeadd–net192.168.50.48255.255.255.240deveth0•#routeadddefaultgw192.168.1.1deveth0•#routedel192.168.23.021•21.1NFS•21.2NIS•21.3Samba•21.4Apache21.1NFS•portmapnfs•NFSRPCportmap•/etc/exports/directorynfs-client-host-ip-or-name(accessoptions)/(ro,ro)client2.sina.com(ro)/(rw)client2.sina.com(rw,sync)/(ro)/(rw)/*.sina.com(rw,insecure,sync,no_wdelay,no_subtree_check,insecure_locks)/(ro)/publinuxlab-??.swnu.edu.cn(noaccess)NFS•NFSrootNFSrootNFSroot_squash.•/*.swnu.edu.cn(root_squash)root(UID=0GID=0)nobody•/*.swnu.edu.cn(no_root_squash)rootroot•/*.swnu.edu.cn(anonuid=500,anongid=666)rootUID=500GID=666•/*.swnu.edu.cn(all_squash)nobody•/*.swnu.edu.cn(anonuid=500,anongid=666,squash_uids=0-100,squash_gids=0-100)0~100UIDGIDnobodyUID=500GID=666•/*.swnu.edu.cn(map_static=/etc/nfs.map)nfs.mapNFS•#cat/etc/nfs.mapuid0-100#squashallremoteuidsinthe0-100rangegid0-100#squashallremotegidsinthe0-100rangeuid500666#mapremoteuid500tolocaluid666gid500777#mapremotegid500tolocalgid777NFS•/etc/exportsNFS#exportfs#servienfsreload•rpc.mountdrpc.rquotadrpc.nfsdportmap-administered#rpcinfo–p•NFS#servicenfsstatus#servicenfsstart#servicenfsstop#servicenfsrestart#chkconfig–level345nfsonNFSNFS•mountNFS#mountnfs.swnu.edu.cn:/–tnfs•/etc/fstabNFS/etc/fstab,server:/=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intrNFSNFS•autofsNFS¾automount¾/misc/myprojectnfs.swnu.edu.cn/=60/etc/auto.miscmyproject–rw,soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192nfs.swnu.edu.cn:/¾autofs#serviceautofsreload#serviceautofsrestartchkconfig•chkconfigxinetdchkconfigchkconfigservicedaemonstop•#chkconfig--list06onoffxinetd•#chkconfig--listfingerfingeron•#chkconfig--listanacronanacron0:off1:off2:on3:on4:on5:on6:off•#chkconfig--level345nscdoff345nscdntsysv•ntsysv•ntsysvxinetd--level•ntsysv--level34534521.2NIS•NISpasswdgroup•NISypbind/ypwhich/ypat/yppoll/ypmatch/yppasswd/ypset21.3Samba•SambaSMB.MicrosoftWindowsNetworkNeighborhoodOS/2Linux•SambaSamba•/etc/samba/smb.conf•/etc/samba/smbpasswd•/etc/samba/users/etc/samba/smb.conf•#;•[][global][homes][printers]•“”workgroup=mygroup/etc/samba/smb.conf•[global]workgroup=mygroupserverstring=sambaserverprintcapname=/etc/printcaploadprinters=yesprinting=cupslogfile=/var/log/samba/%m.logmaxlogsize=0security=user#/share/serverencryptpassword=yessmbpasswdfile=/etc/samba/smbpasswdsocketoptions=TCP_NODELAYSO_RCVBUF=8192SO_SNDBUF=8192dnsproxy=yes/etc/samba/smb.conf•[homes]comment=HomeDirectoriesbrowseable=nowritable=yescreatemod=0664directorymod=0775•[printers]comment=AllPrinterspath=/var/spool/sambabrowseable=noguestok=noprintable=yesSamba•#smbclient//hostname/sharename–Uusernamesmb:\?•Nautilussmb://user:passwd@servername/sharename/Web