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动词verb.动词v.•表示动作与状态的词•主要内容1.动词分类2.动词形式3.时态动词种类实义动词系动词情态动词助动词jump,runbe,feelcan,must,may…do,does,did,be,have,has动词形式原形三单式现在分词过去式-ed过去分词-eddodoesdoingdiddone时态一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成时原形/三单式will/shall+vbegoingto+v.原动词过去式am/is/are+v.-inghave/has+p.p.过去进行时was/were+v.-ing动词种类类别特点例子实义动词/行为动词表示动作,有实际意义,能独立做谓语Weloveourhometown.Classbegins.系动词有一定的含义,不能独立做谓语Iamastudent.助动词本身没有含义,不能独立做谓语Idon’tlikeapples.情态动词(后加动原)有一定的含义,不能独立做谓语Wemuststudyhard.实义动词(行为动词)1.及物动词vt.:自己不能表达一个完整的意思,后面要跟上一个名词或代词来作宾语才意思完整2.不及物动词vi.自己可以表达一个完整的意思,不能直接跟宾语,但可以跟上一个介词,构成动词短语,再跟一个介词宾语。(如look,listen,wait…)1.及物动词vt.:–Tomdoesn’tdohishomework.–TheboywatchesTVonSundays.2.不及物动词vi.:Classbegins.–Heislookingatthepicture.–Sandyalwayslistenstohisbrother.系动词•也叫连系动词。系动词本身有含义,但它不能单独做谓语,后面必须接表语,用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。一起构成主系表结构。•表语:由形容词、名词、介词短语担任系动词1.be动词:最常用的系动词–Sheisbeautiful.–Iamastudent.–Theyareintheclassroom.2.表示感受的“感官动词”:look,taste,smell,sound,feel感官动词+adj.:Hefeelscold.3.become,turn,getBe动词用法口诀•I是am,you是are,•is前面三个他(她,它)•其它复数都用are•am,is–was过去式•are–were过去式情态动词•情态动词表示说话人情绪、态度和语气。•本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,其后接动词原形一起构成谓语。•常见的有can(could),may(might),will(would),shall(should),must,haveto,hadbetter…注意情态动词+v.原情态动词•情态动词没有人称和数的变化–HecanspeakEnglish.–HespeaksEnglishverywell.助动词•协助主要动词构成谓语的动词叫助动词,它对谓语动词起辅助作用。被协助的词叫主要动词。助动词本身没有含义,不可单独使用。•常见助动词:be,do(does,did),shall,will,have(has)•Tomdoesn’tlikewatermelons.助动词的使用•助动词本身没有意义,它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语,表示问句、否定句、时态等。1、表示时态Wewillsinganddanceattheparty.2、构成疑问句Doyoulikecollectingstamps?DidyoustudyChinesebeforeyoucametoChina?3、与not合用,构成否定句Idon’twanttovisitthatfarm.Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkyet.助动词do•根据时态、主语人称、数的变化,do/does/did,•一般现在时:do,does(用于第三人称单数),do用于其他人称,•一般过去时:did•Idon’tlikeEnglish.•Hedoesn’tdohishomeworkatnight.•Wedidn’tcleantheroomyesterday.注意do,does,did+v.原Exercise•我们是同班同学。•他是我的同班同学。•我是他的同班同学。•Weareclassmates.•He/Sheismyclassmate.•Iamhis/herclassmate.情态动词详解1.can表示个人能力所及或可能性2.may表示允许、请求及可能性。用may提问,肯定回答一般是Certainly.或Yes,youmay.否定回答一般用can’t,mustn’t3.must表示必须、一定是(mustbe)例释•Icanmakekites.•Thatcan’tbeMr.Baker.•-MayIaskyouaquestion?•-Certainly.•Yourglassesmaybeinyourpocket.•Wemustbecarefulwhenwecrosstheroad.•-Where’sAlex?-Hemustbeathome.must问句的回答•must表示“必须”的问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t.•Mustwecleantheclassroomthisafternoon?•Yes,youmust.•No,youneedn’t.•No,youdon’thaveto.hadbetter最好做…•hadbetter+v.原•hadbetternot+v.原•Wehadbettergobacktothestationnow.•You’dbetternotspeakbecausethebabyissleeping.shall•shall常用于第一人称,用在问句中表示:征求意见•Shallwegotothesupermarketthisweekend?should•should表示“应该”•Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.(adv.有礼貌地)need1.实义动词:放在肯定句、疑问句和否定句中•need+sth.•needtodosth.•Weneedmorechairs.•Weneedtoplantmoretrees.2.情态动词:放在疑问句和否定句中•Youneedn’tdoitinsuchahurry.动词的基本形式•动词的五种基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。动词的基本形式原形三单式-s,-es现在分词-ing过去式-ed过去分词-edcleancleanscleaningcleanedcleaneddodoesdoingdiddonehavehashavinghadhad原形•动词原形是指初始状态的动词,不受人称、数、时态的影响第三人称单数的概念•除了I,we,you(我,我们,你,你们)之外的全部为第三人称。单数指的是一个人或物。•Hisbrother,myparents,theirschool,ourteacher,thebaby,Tom,hisdog,thetree…第三人称单数动词形式(三单式)•第三人称单数动词形式在动词后面加-s或-es,变化规则如单数变复数。1.一般情况,-s2.以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾,-es3.辅音字母加y,y改i,-es注意have的三单式为has.•她每天都打扫房间。•我妈妈每天都做家务。•我父亲每周末都看电视。•我哥哥和我从周一至周五去学校。•Shecleanstheroomeveryday.•Mymotherdoesthehouseworkeveryday.•MyfatherwatchesTVeveryweekend.•MybrotherandIgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.注意-es的读音规则清辅音后读/s/浊辅音,元音后读/z/s,x,sh,ch后读/iz/动词的现在分词的构成1.一般加-ing;work---working2.以不发音的e结尾的词去e,加-ing;live---living3.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写该辅音字母,再加-ing;stop---stopping4.lie–lying躺,die死–dying,tie系-tying5.begin–beginning•我正在做蛋糕。•他们正在跑。•他正在吃晚餐。Iammakingacake.Theyarerunning.Heiseatingdinner.Heishavingdinner.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成1:•1、规则变化–一般加-ed:work---worked–以e结尾的词加-d:live---lived–辅音字母+y结尾的词,改y为i,再加-ed:cry---cried–以重读闭音节结尾的词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。stop---stopped注意-ed的读音规则清辅音后读/t/浊辅音,元音后读/d/t,d后读/id/动词的过去式和过去分词的构成2:•不规则变化1.AAA(原形过去式过去分词相同)2.ABB(过去式过去分词相同)3.ABC(三者不同)4.ABA(原形和过去分词相同)5.AAB(原形和过去式相同)1.AAAcutcutcutputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutreadread/red/read/red/2.ABBgetgotgotfindfoundfoundhavehadhadbuyboughtboughthearheardheardmakemademademeetmetmet3.ABCdodiddonegivegavegiventaketooktakeneatateeatengowentgoneseesawseenspeakspokespoken4.ABAcomecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun5.AABbeat–beat–beatenExercise•我父母昨天工作了。yesterday•我们昨天去上学了。•我上周做了家务。(lastweek)Myparentsworkedyesterday.Wewenttoschoolyesterday.Ididhouseworklastweek.1.Weareplaybasketball.2.Thedesknexttothewindow.3.Ican’tswimming.4.Sheissitingunderthetree.5.Don’topeningthewindow.It’sverycold.6.Doeshelikespingpong?7.Healwayshelpme.8.I’mgoingtoplayingcomputergames.下列每个句子都有一处错误,请改正动词归类复习一、连系动词类①变化类:典例:gofall1.Oneofhischildren_________.(病了)2.He__________(睡着了)whilestudyinghisgrammarbook.become,get,turn,grow,go,fallbad/hungry/mad/wrong(fell-fallen)fellillfellasleep1.Hefeltthepieceofclothgentle.2.Itfeltsoftly.3.Theflowerssmellsweetattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.gentlegentlysoftlysoftsmellsmelling②感官类:1.Dellastoodthere,looking_______(sad\sadly)atherselfinthemirror.2.Dellalookedvery______,forherpetdogdiedlastnight.3.Theflowers___sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstoth
本文标题:动词_课件
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