2018届高考英语一轮复习语法专题复习课件：名词性从句

一、名词性从句的定义、种类及引导词在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词有：连接词(5个)：that，if/whether(是否)，asthough和asif连接代词(9个)：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词(7个)：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however1．主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。Thatshewilldowellinherexamiscertain.她将考得好是肯定的。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。2．宾语从句：作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。Hetoldusthathefeltbetter.Tomwantedtoknowwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.3．表语从句：作句子表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于系动词后。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词(be/seem/remain/look/appear,etc.)＋表语从句。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。常用的还有Thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.4．同位语从句作名词同位语的从句叫同位语从句，同位语从句说明其前面的名词(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等)的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，不能省略。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他从玛莉那里得知运动会推迟了。二、考点荟萃1．考点1形式主语it在含有主语从句的句子中的运用用it作形式主语的结构有：1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸……Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itiscommonsensethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisapitythat…遗憾的是……2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然……Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实……2．考点2形式宾语it在含有宾语从句的句子中的运用it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。用it作形式宾语的结构有：1)动词＋it＋宾补(形容词、过去分词或名词)＋that从句Ithinkitimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.He'smadeitclearthathewon'tagreetotheplan.WefinditnecessarythatwepractiseEnglishdaily.Ihearditsaidthatshehadgoneabroad.Shemadeitadutythatshetakescareofhersickmother.2)介词/动词＋it＋that从句的特殊结构(it作引导词)Youmaydependonitthatthey'llsupportyou.Itakeitthatyoudon'tagreewithme.Youcancountonitthatheisverysmart.Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareof.3．考点3名词性从句中what与that的区别that引导的名词性从句表事实，that在从句中不充当句子成分；what引导的名词性从句表疑问或肯定，what在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。Iwanttoknowwhatyouaregoingtodotomorrow.Whatweneedismoretime.Iknowthatyou'rebetternow.4．考点4名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序：主语＋谓语HeaskedhowmuchIpaidforaviolin.5．考点5宾语从句的时态呼应当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could/would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象时，则从句仍用一般现在时态。Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)IknowhehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.(从句用过去完成时)Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(从句用一般现在时)6．考点6that不可省略的情况1)由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个或以后几个分句前的that不能省略。2)从句作介词but，except，in等的宾语时that不可省。3)在主＋谓＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补＋that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不能省略。4)that引导的同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句。Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Wemustneverthinkwearegoodineverythingandthatothersaregoodinnothing.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthenorth.7．考点7同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句对先行词起解释说明的作用，而定语从句对先行词起修饰限制的作用。当用that引导定语从句，that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；当that引导同位语从句时，that一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？(that引导定语从句，作give的直接宾语，可以省略)8．考点8只用whether的情况，不用if的情况1)在动词不定式之前。Ican'tdecidewhethertostayhere.2)在whether…ornot的固定搭配中。Iwanttoknowwhetherit'sgoodnewsornot.3)在介词后，只能用whether。Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosthiswork.4)同位语从句、表语从句，主语从句位于句首及宾语从句放在句首表示强调时。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.(同位语从句)Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.(主语从句位于句首)Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.(表语从句)Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon'tknow.(宾语从句放在句首表示强调)9．考点9疑问词＋ever和nomatter＋疑问词的区别1)疑问词＋ever(无论……)可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.(名词性从句，作主语)Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.(让步状语从句，作状语)＝Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.2)nomatter＋疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.10．考点10宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移1)在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。2)宾语从句的否定前移。think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon'tbelievehewilldoso,willhe?我相信他不会这样做，是吗？11．考点11名词性从句中的插入成分1)用于陈述句的插入语结构。含think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe等动词的插入语，直接将疑问词放在句子中间，不用逗号隔开。2)用于疑问句的插入语结构。含think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe等动词的疑问句，后接含疑问词的宾语从句时，要将疑问词放在句首。一、用适当的词填空。1．Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate________theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.2.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________ittakestosaveherlife.3．Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists________theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.4．CouldIspeakto__________isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?5．TomorrowisTom'sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea________thepartyistobeheld?whatwhateverthatwhoeverwhere6．Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed，and________allthelightswereoff，theboyopenedthedoor