美国统一商法典 Uniform Commercial Code

美国统一商法典UniformCommercialCode2008-7-29【大中小】U.C.C.-ARTICLE1-GENERALPROVISIONSPART1.GENERALPROVISIONS[TableofContents]§1-101.ShortTitles.（a）This[Act]maybecitedastheUniformCommercialCode.（b）ThisarticlemaybecitedasUniformCommercialCode-GeneralProvisions.§1-102.ScopeofArticle.Thisarticleappliestoatransactiontotheextentthatitisgovernedbyanotherarticleof[theUniformCommercialCode].§1-103.Constructionof[UniformCommercialCode]toPromoteitsPurposesandPolicies:ApplicabilityofSupplementalPrinciplesofLaw.（a）[TheUniformCommercialCode]mustbeliberallyconstruedandappliedtopromoteitsunderlyingpurposesandpolicies,whichare:（1）tosimplify,clarify,andmodernizethelawgoverningcommercialtransactions;（2）topermitthecontinuedexpansionofcommercialpracticesthroughcustom,usage,andagreementoftheparties;and（3）tomakeuniformthelawamongthevariousjurisdictions.（b）Unlessdisplacedbytheparticularprovisionsof[theUniformCommercialCode],theprinciplesoflawandequity,includingthelawmerchantandthelawrelativetocapacitytocontract,principalandagent,estoppel,fraud,misrepresentation,duress,coercion,mistake,bankruptcy,andothervalidatingorinvalidatingcausesupplementitsprovisions.§1-104.ConstructionAgainstImpliedRepeal.[TheUniformCommercialCode]beingageneralactintendedasaunifiedcoverageofitssubjectmatter,nopartofitshallbedeemedtobeimpliedlyrepealedbysubsequentlegislationifsuchconstructioncanreasonablybeavoided.§1-105.Severability.Ifanyprovisionorclauseof[theUniformCommercialCode]oritsapplicationtoanypersonorcircumstanceisheldinvalid,theinvaliditydoesnotaffectotherprovisionsorapplicationsof[theUniformCommercialCode]whichcanbegiveneffectwithouttheinvalidprovisionorapplication,andtothisendtheprovisionsof[theUniformCommercialCode]areseverable.§1-106.UseofSingularandPlural;Gender.In[theUniformCommercialCode],unlessthestatutorycontextotherwiserequires:（1）wordsinthesingularnumberincludetheplural,andthoseinthepluralincludethesingular;and（2）wordsofanygenderalsorefertoanyothergender.§1-107.SectionCaptions.Sectioncaptionsarepartof[theUniformCommercialCode].§1-108.RelationtoElectronicSignaturesinGlobalandNationalCommerceAct.Thisarticlemodifies,limits,andsupersedesthefederalElectronicSignaturesinGlobalandNationalCommerceAct,15U.S.C.Section7001etseq.,exceptthatnothinginthisarticlemodifies,limits,orsupersedesSection7001（c）ofthatActorauthorizeselectronicdeliveryofanyofthenoticesdescribedinSection7003（b）ofthatAct.PART2.GENERALDEFINITIONSANDPRINCIPLESOFINTERPRETATION[TableofContents]§1-201.GeneralDefinitions.（a）Unlessthecontextotherwiserequires,wordsorphrasesdefinedinthissection,orintheadditionaldefinitionscontainedinotherarticlesof[theUniformCommercialCode]thatapplytoparticulararticlesorpartsthereof,havethemeaningsstated.（b）Subjecttodefinitionscontainedinotherarticlesof[theUniformCommercialCode]thatapplytoparticulararticlesorpartsthereof:（1）Action,inthesenseofajudicialproceeding,includesrecoupment,counterclaim,set-off,suitinequity,andanyotherproceedinginwhichrightsaredetermined.（2）Aggrievedpartymeansapartyentitledtopursuearemedy.（3）Agreement,asdistinguishedfromcontract,meansthebargainofthepartiesinfact,asfoundintheirlanguageorinferredfromothercircumstances,includingcourseofperformance,courseofdealing,orusageoftradeasprovidedinSection1-303.（4）Bankmeansapersonengagedinthebusinessofbankingandincludesasavingsbank,savingsandloanassociation,creditunion,andtrustcompany.（5）Bearermeansapersoninpossessionofanegotiableinstrument,documentoftitle,orcertificatedsecuritythatispayabletobearerorindorsedinblank.（6）Billofladingmeansadocumentevidencingthereceiptofgoodsforshipmentissuedbyapersonengagedinthebusinessoftransportingorforwardinggoods.（7）Branchincludesaseparatelyincorporatedforeignbranchofabank.（8）Burdenofestablishingafactmeanstheburdenofpersuadingthetrieroffactthattheexistenceofthefactismoreprobablethanitsnonexistence.（9）Buyerinordinarycourseofbusinessmeansapersonthatbuysgoodsingoodfaith,withoutknowledgethatthesaleviolatestherightsofanotherpersoninthegoods,andintheordinarycoursefromaperson,otherthanapawnbroker,inthebusinessofsellinggoodsofthatkind.Apersonbuysgoodsintheordinarycourseifthesaletothepersoncomportswiththeusualorcustomarypracticesinthekindofbusinessinwhichthesellerisengagedorwiththeseller'sownusualorcustomarypractices.Apersonthatsellsoil,gas,orothermineralsatthewellheadormineheadisapersoninthebusinessofsellinggoodsofthatkind.Abuyerinordinarycourseofbusinessmaybuyforcash,byexchangeofotherproperty,oronsecuredorunsecuredcredit,andmayacquiregoodsordocumentsoftitleunderapreexistingcontractforsale.OnlyabuyerthattakespossessionofthegoodsorhasarighttorecoverthegoodsfromthesellerunderArticle2maybeabuyerinordinarycourseofbusiness.Buyerinordinarycourseofbusinessdoesnotincludeapersonthatacquiresgoodsinatransferinbulkorassecurityfororintotalorpartialsatisfactionofamoneydebt.（10）Conspicuous,withreferencetoaterm,meanssowritten,displayed,orpresentedthatareasonablepersonagainstwhichitistooperateoughttohavenoticedit.Whetheratermisconspicuousornotisadecisionforthecourt.Conspicuoustermsincludethefol