考研英语复习指导：如何精读英语阅读

考研英语复习指导：如何精读英语阅读一篇考研的真题，从做题到文章的全面分析和展示。看起来是有点痛苦的，而且还要反复直至熟练，少不了痛心疾首捶胸顿足的时候。但如此死磕五篇，当小有所成；死磕十篇，应上了台阶；死磕二十，必手到擒来。Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap，but，ifproperlyhandled，itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar，ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor，givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld‘sbest，itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably，theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries，suchasconsumerelectronics，hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft，Zenith.（Nowthereisnone：ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America‘smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors，whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage，wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing，andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged！In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure，hasgoneonadiet，haslearnttobemorequick-witted，”accordingtoRichardCavanagh，executivedeanofHarvard‘sKennedySchoolofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity，saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute，athink-tankinWashington，DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas”agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.“51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause_____.［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthe［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpried.［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.［D］Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe____.［A］turningofthebusinesscycle［B］restructuringofindustry［C］improvedbusinessmanagement［D］successineducation解题第一步：读题干51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarⅡbecause_____.题型：问事情原因，细节题，需定位句子给定信息：美国achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII定位信息：WorldWarII，because52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican_____.题型信息：问支撑观点的事实，例证题，当从观点后面找事实给定信息：1980s美国predominance的失去，表现于相关的事实定位信息：1980s53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？题型信息：题干无具体信息，直接就文章提问，为判断题，当先搁置，最后直接看选项来做。给定信息：无定位信息：无54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe____.题型信息：问原因，细节题，需定位给定信息：1990s美国经济复苏，作者对其原因有自己的看法定位信息：1990s题干综合：两道细节问原因，一道例证问事实，一道判断，尽量先根据其它题的解题过程和结果来解以节省时间。由题干给定信息可知：文章讲到了二战后美国取得领先；1980s失去了这种地位；1990s经济又复苏了。解题第二步：读文章做选择51.根据定位信息找到首段二句，但本句中没有原因（看整个句式：当A时，有B.其中B肯定不是原因，而是结果。）。接着向下，直到最后一句，才由定语从句交代原因（定语从句可以而且常常交代原因）。选项分析：A.是非颠倒。他们为目标做了艰苦的努力。只有首段首句提到effortlesssuccess.B.答非所问、偷换概念。原文也有市场，也是八倍以上。但一：不是所问事情的原因；二：原文是market比competitors大，选项是domesticmarket比before大。C.同义表达，正确。战争摧毁了其潜在竞争对手的经济。原文是欧洲人和亚洲人，也即美国人的潜在竞争对手。D.偷换概念。劳动力无与伦比的规模给了其经济以推动力。引人注目的是原文也有unparalleled，但搭配是unparalleledeconomiesofscale，选项是unparalleledsizeofworkforce.有此一点，就已死定。52.根据定位线索1980s找到二段第三句：美国人发现自己XYZ.此处XYZ表达法比较麻烦，其实无关紧要。题目不是问美国人会失去优势表现为什么事实吗？那先不得说美国人失去了优势？后面才是事实。先出现了一句说SomehugeAmericanindustries，与各选项均无关系；下一句讲TV，也不对；再下一句讲cars，即选项D中的auto，为正确选项。选项分析：A.想当然：原文“只剩一家电视制造商”不必然意味着选项中“退回国内市场”。B.无中生有：原文semiconductors讲的是将成为nextcasualty；选项说“被外国公司兼并”。C.偷换概念：原文machine-toolindustry是ontheropes，字面义是“在绳子上”，显然是比喻义。本段讲各产业都是“不行了”，此处亦不例外，不会冒出选项中的“自杀行为”。D.同义表达：改变说话角度。原文“外国汽车进入国内市场”=选项“汽车业丧失部分国内市场”。53.留到最后来解。54.根据定位信息1990s找到第四段第二句。美国人回头可看到五年增长（即题目中所述事实），后一句才交代原因。要读出言外之意：没几个美国人将此归为如此明显的原因如X和Y.意思是作者认为是这两个原因，而且很明显，但多数美国人却没有看到。A为正确选项。选项分析：A.正确。B.貌合神离：引言中确有此说。但此引言是用来说明前文blindpride（盲目骄傲），是作者所批判的观点。请参照本段“段落解剖”。C.同B.D.无中生有：从未提及