英语名词性从句知识归纳

1名词性从句知识归纳名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句，而是复合句中的主干。e.g.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.（主语从句）Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom.（宾语从句）Thequestionishowwecanfinishitontime.（表语从句）ThefactthatsomeChinesearestillpoorisreallyagreatproblem.（同位语从句）名词性从句的连接词：从句有无疑问含义是否有含义连接词的作用是否引导从句是否可省略是否充当从句中的成分充当从句中的哪种成分连接词Ithat无无是一般可以否无if（只用于宾语从句中）,whether有“是否”是否否无asif/asthoughbecause（只用于表语从句中）无“好像”“因为”是否否无IIwhat,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever有“什么，谁，哪个，谁的”，“任何事，任何人，任意哪个”是否是主语，宾语，表语，定语IIIwhen,where,why,how,whenever,wherever有“什么时候，地点，为什么，怎样”，“无论什么时候，无论哪里”是否是状语一、宾语从句---及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain,sure,glad,afraid,frightened,happy,pleased,sad,sorry,surprised,upset,satisfied等）后e.g.Ibelieve(that)heishonest.(that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略)I’mgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.(that不充当从句内的任何成分)Hedoesn’tcareif/whetheritisn’tafineday.(if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分)Pleasetellmewhatyouwant.(what充当从句内的宾语)Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.(how充当从句内的状语)Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.(whatever充当从句内的宾语，意为“任何事”)I’lltakewhoeverwantstogo.(whoever从当从句内的主语，意为“任何人”)【宾语从句要点拓展】1.that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时，第一个从句中的that可以省略，而第二个分句前的that不可省略。e.g.Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.2.whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用，但以下情况只能使用whether(1)whether可与ornot连用e.g.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillseethefilmornot.2(2)介词宾语从句要用whethere.g.Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.(3)that引导的宾语从句只能放于in,except,besides和but四个介词后e.g.TheSwedestoodstill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.3.转移否定---当主句是I/Wethink(believe,consider,expect,suppose,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。e.g.Idon’tsuppose(that)itishisfault,isit?4.时态问题---宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响，若主句是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态；若主句是过去时态，从句一般用过去的某种形式，如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。e.g.Iknow(that)hedidn’ttellyouwhathewouldcomethen.Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.5.一种特殊类型的宾语从句---在这种句子里doyouthink等意为插入语，但实为主句，因此余下部分应用陈述语序Wh-+doyouthink/believe/consider/suppose/guess/suggest/feel/say+余下部分?e.g.Wheredoyouguessourartfestivalistobeheld?Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?二、主语从句---位于句首，常用it做形式主语e.g.Thathewillcomeandhelpyouiscertain.(that不充当从句内的任何成分，不可省略)Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.(whether不充当从句内的任何成分，不能用if)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.(what充当从句内的宾语)Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.(who充当从句内的主语)WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.(where充当从句内的状语)Whateverhesaidwasright.(whatever充当从句内的宾语)Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.(it为形式主语，代替how引导的主语从句)【主语从句要点拓展】1.it做形式主语的结构(1)It’sapity/ashame/anhonor/afact/nowonder/commonsense/goodnewsthat…遗憾的是（荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是，好消息是……）e.g.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.(2)It’sclear/right/true/certain/necessary/(un)likely/important/(im)possible/obvious/remarkablethat………很清楚（正确，必要，重要，可能，值得注意等)e.g.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.(3)Itiswell-known/reported/recorded/estimated/said/believedthat…众所周知（据报道，据记载，据估计，据说，据人们相信)…e.g.Itissaidthathisfatherlefthimnothing.(4)Itturnsout/seems/appears/happens/matters…)that…结果是……（似乎是,碰巧是,重要的是……）3e.g.Ithappened(tome)thatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.2.it做形式主语与itis(was)…that…强调句式的区分e.g.Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.解题方法：将itis/was…that去掉，看余下部分是否完整，若完整即为强调句式；反之为it作形式主语。三、表语从句---系动词后（常见系动词：be,look,remain,seem,appear等）e.g.Theproblemisthattheycan’tgethereearlyenough.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Thequestioniswho(whichofyou)willbethenextspeaker.Whathewantstogetiswhateveryouhave.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.四、同位语从句---抽象名词后（从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或解释说明抽象名词的内容）e.g.Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.4名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点一、语序问题---名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序注意以下句子：e.g.Idon’tknowwhatisthematterwithhim.Ihavenoideawhatwasthematterwithhim.Couldyoutelluswhatwaswrong/thetroublewithhimyesterday?二、从句中的虚拟语气问题1.主语从句：(1)Itisimportant/natural/necessary/essential/strange/that…(should)do…(2)Itissuggested/advised/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…(should)do…e.g.Itisimportantthateverystudent(should)learnaforeignlanguage.Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)checktheiranswersbeforehandinginthepaper.2.宾语从句：在表示“命令、要求、建议、决定”等意义的动词后的宾语从句常用“（should）+do”【insist（坚持），order,urge,command（命令），require,request,demand（要求），advise,suggest,propose,recommend（建议）】e.g.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)giveupsmoking.3.表语从句：当主句的主语为order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词用“(should)do”的形式。e.g.Myadviceisthatyou(should)takemorephysicalexercise.4.同位语从句：用于解释order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词的同位语从句中常用“(should)do”结构e.g.Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseofeverych