英语单词构词法研究

CONTENTSINBRIEFPrefix(31)Etymon(50)Suffixn.[人],[动作者](17)n.抽象(26)n.[小](9)n.其他(6)adj.(32)v.(8)adv.(5)CONTENTSPrefix01AB.ABS02AD03BENE.BON04CATA05CIRCUM06CO.COM.CON07CONTRA.CONTRO.COUNTER08DE09DE.DI.DIS10DIA11E.EC.EX.EXTRA12EM.EN.IM.IN13EPI14FORE15INTER16MAL17MON.MONO18OB19PARA20PARA21PER22POST23PRE24PRO.PUR25RE26SE27SUB.SUS28SUPER.SUR29SYM.SYN30TRANS31UNIEtymon01ACT.AG.IG02ANIM03CAD.CAS.CID04CAP.CEIV.CEP.CEPT.CIP.CUP05CEDE.CEED.CESS06CID.CIS07CIT08CLAIM.CLAM09CLUD.CLUS10COR.CORD.COUR11CORP.CORPOR12COURS.CUR.CURS13CRED14CUR15DIC.DICT16DUC.DUCT17EQU18EQU19FAC.FACT.FAIR.FEAT.FECT.FIC.FICT20FER21FIN22FLECT.FLEX23FLU24FOUND.FUS25FRACT.FRAG.FRANG.FRING26GEN27GRAD.GRESS28IT29JAC.JECT.JET30JOIN.JOINT.JUNCT31LECT.LEG.LIG32LOCU.LOG.LOQU33LUC.LUMIN.LUSTR34MAGN.MAJ.MAX35MAIN.MAN36MINI.MINU37MISS.MIT38MOB.MOM.MOT.MOV39PASS.PATH40PED41PEL.PULS42PEND.PENS.POND43PLIC.PLEX.PLY44PON.POS.POUND45VERS.VERT46VEY.VIA.VOY47VID.VIEW.VIS48VIG.VIT.VIV49VOC.VOK50VOLU.VOLVSuffixn.[人],[动作者]1.-ain法2.-aire法3.-an拉,-ian拉,-ese法4.-ant拉/法,-ent拉/法,-and拉/法,-end拉/法5.-ary拉6.-ate拉7.-ee法8.-eer法9.-er古英,-or古英,-ar古英,-ier法,-eur法10.-ess法11.-ician法12.-ist希腊13.-ite希腊14.-ive法15.-man古英,-sman古英16.-on拉17.-ster古英n.抽象1.-ace拉2.-ad希腊,-ade希腊/法3.-age法4.-al拉5.-ance拉/法,-ancy拉/法,-ence拉/法,-ency拉/法6.-cy拉7.-dom古英8.-hood古英9.-ia希腊/拉10.-ic希腊,-ics拉11.-ice法,-ise法12.-ing古英13.-ion拉14.-ism希腊15.-itude拉16.-ity拉17.-ment拉18.-mony拉19.-ness古英20.-o(u)r拉21.-ry法,-ery法22.-ship古英23.-th古英24.-ty拉25.-ure法26.-y拉n.[小]1.-cle法2.-cule拉3.-el法,-le古英4.-en古英,-in古英5.-et法,-ette法6.-ie古英,-y7.-kin古英8.-let法9.-ling古英n.其他1.-ary法2.-ary拉,-ory拉,-arium拉,-orium拉3.-ful古英4.-mer希腊5.-oid希腊6.-ology希腊adj.1.-able拉,-ible拉2.-al拉3.-an拉,-ian拉,-ean拉4.-ant拉,-ent拉5.-ar拉6.-ary拉,-ory拉7.-ate拉8.-ed古英9.-en古英10.-ern古英11.-fold古英12.-ful古英13.-ic拉,-ical拉14.-id拉15.-ile法16.-ine法17.-ing古英18.-ior拉19.-ique法,-esque法20.-ish古英21.-ite希腊/拉22.-ive拉,-ative拉23.-less古英24.-like古英25.-ly古英26.-most古英27.-oid希腊28.-ous拉29.-proof拉30.-some古英31.-ward古英32.-y古英v.1.-ate拉,-ute拉2.-en古英3.-er古英4.-esce拉5.-ify拉,-efy拉6.ish法7.-ize拉,-ise拉,-yze希腊,-yse希腊8.-le古英adv.1.-fold古英2.-ly古英3.-ward古英,-wards古英4.-way古英,-ways古英5.-wise古英AB.ABSaway,from分离字首ab,abs源自拉丁文介系词a,ab,拉丁文的意思是away,from等.通常在拉丁文较常见的介系词形态,有a,ab,abs三种:后接名词为子音开头者用a,母音开头者用ab,子音t与q开头者用abs.在拉丁文中即为字首,如aberrationn.[脱离正轨],abductv.[诱拐]等,出自拉丁文的aberrare,abducere等字.在英文中拼法常见的有ab与abs,a则十分少见.如:abominatev.[痛恨],字根有illomen[凶兆]之意,因此[视为凶兆而远离],便成了[痛恨].absolvev.源自字根solv,solu[放松],因此absolve有释放的意思.ab-abdicate让位,放弃abduct绑架,绑走aberration越轨,脱离常轨abhor憎恶,痛恨abject卑鄙的,卑屈的abjure(发誓)放弃abnegate放弃abnormal畸形,不正常的abominate痛恨,憎恶aboriginal土著的abrade磨损,摩擦abrogate取消,废止abrupt突然,陡峭的abs-abscond潜逃,逃匿absence缺席,缺乏absolute纯粹,完全,绝对的absolve免除,赦免,解除absorb吸收abstain抑制,戒绝abstract抽出,提炼,摘录abstruse难解,深奥的absurd荒谬的ab-abundant丰富,充足的abuse虐待,辱骂ADto,toward向字首ad源自拉丁文介系词ad,在拉丁文中为to之意.ad的拼法变化相当复杂,为了与字根配合,第二个字母d会消失或同化,而衍生出a,ac,af,ag,al,an,ap,ar,as,at各种形态,如accustomv.[使习惯於],affixv.[黏上],appendv.[添加]等等.ad原意虽表示方向,但与字根配合之后,则必须视该字的字根来定义:如acceleratev.[促进],由字首ac加上字根celer[敏捷]而成,字根也是该字的意思.再如adaptv.[使适应],由ad与apt[适合的]组成,apt便成了该字的字义.accede同意,应允accelerate加快,加速accost招呼,搭话account叙述,说明accredit将(..)归於accumulate堆积,积聚accustom(使)习惯於adapt使适应,使适合adhere坚持,黏著adjourn延期,休会adjure恳求adjust调节,使...适合administer管理admire钦佩,叹赏admonish警告,告诫adopt采纳,收养adore敬慕,敬爱adorn装饰adulterate搀混,使品质低落affable和蔼可亲,殷勤的affiliate联合,加入,加盟affirm断言affix黏上,贴上,附加afflict使...痛苦affront侮辱aggrandize增强势力aggravate加重,惹怒aggregate总计,合计aggrieve使苦恼,使受屈align使合作,排列成行allay使和缓,使镇静alleviate减轻,使缓和allocate拨出allot分配alloy合金allure引诱ally联合,结合ameliorate改善amenable有责任,应服从的amend修正,改良annex并吞,附加annihilate消灭annotate评注,注解announce正式宣布annul取消,废止apparatus仪器appeal吸引力,恳求appease使平静,缓和append附加appertain属於,与...有关apportion分摊,分配appraise鉴别,评价apprehend逮捕,忧惧approbate认可,赞成appropriate拨(款),拨作(某目的)之用arouse引起,激起arrange处理,调解assail攻击assault攻击assemble集合,聚集assent同意,赞同assert断言assimilate同化,使类似,吸收associate结交,联合assort分类assortment各色俱备之物,物品总集assuage缓和assume假定,假装assure确告,保证attach系,附加attain得到attaint污辱,羞辱attemper冲淡,使缓和attend出席,到,注意attest证实attune使合调,使一致aver断言avow公开承认,坦白承认awake吵醒,唤起BENE.BONgood良好拉丁文中,bonus为形容词,经过性别变化有bona,bonum形态,和英文的good意思相同,bene为副词,有well的意思.bene,bon也必须视为字根,而一般字汇书多将视为字首,因为bene,bon通常出现在字首位置.例如boonn.[恩惠],bountyn.[慷慨],bountifula.[丰富的],皆由bon变音而成.其中bounty,bountiful均拉丁文bonitas(goodness,n.)演变而来.benediction祝祷,恩赐benefaction捐助beneficial有益的beneficiary受惠者beneficence善行,仁慈,慈善benefit利益benevolent慈善,仁慈的benign良性,良好,亲切的benignant仁慈,亲切的bonus红利,奖金boon恩物,恩赐bounty奖金,慷慨好施bounteous慷慨的bountiful丰富,大方的CATAdown,complete下降,完全cata源自希腊文,为downward,completely系当副词,介系词用.例如:cataclysmn.希腊文kataklysmos,为大洪水之意;catalog(ue)n.源自katalogos有统计,目录的意思;catastrophen.源自katastrophe,有[变动,毁灭]的意思.cataclysm洪水,剧变catalog(ue)目录cataract大瀑布catastrophe灾祸category种类CIRCUMaround环绕字首circum源自拉丁文circum为介系词,有around之意.拉丁文circa(around,adv.,prep.),circus(circle,n.m.),circuitus(circuit,n.m.),和英文的circlen.[圆形],circulara.[圆的],circulatev.[循环]等字,均与circum同源.字首circum,与字根scrib[写]组合,而成circumscribev.[拉丁文原作circumscribere],原为[画圆圈],后引申为[限制].与字根spect[看]组合,而成circumspecta.(拉丁文circumspectus,a.),由[环视]的意思,而引申为[小心,慎重的].circuit巡行,巡回路线circuitous间接,迂曲,绕行的circumference圆周,周围circumlocution婉转曲折的说法circu