Exercisefor-notetaking-笔记练习

ExerciseTrytheseexercise:Exercise1,Exercise2.Notesareasummaryandshouldthereforebemuchshorterthantheoriginal.Thus,abbreviationsandsymbolscanbeusedwheneverpossible.ThetablebelowshowssomeconventionalEnglishsymbolsandabbreviations.Youwillneedspecificonesforyourownsubject.and&andothers(people)et.al.andotherthingsetc.answerAapproximately,approx.,c.at@becausebeforeexample:centimetrecmcenturyCchapterch.comparecf.correctdecreases,fallsdegrees?departmentdept.dividedby?eastEequalto=equivalenttoespeciallyesp.forexamplee.g.governmentgovt.greaterthangrows,increasesimportantN.B.inoneyearp.a.informationinfo.kilogramkglessthanmaximummax.minimummin.minus-muchgreaterthanmuchlessthanmultipliedby/pnorthNnotcomefromnotequalnotleadtonotproportionaltonumberNo.or#pagep.pagespp.percent%plus+possiblyposs.probablyprob.proportionaltoquestionQresultsfromresultsin,leadstosameasabovesimilartothatistosay,inotherwordsi.e.thereforesouthSunlikely??uncertain,notsure?veryv.withreferencetore.wrongXwestWyearyr.Exercise2.Findtheimportantideas,writedowntheimportantwords/phrasesandfindalternativewords,orsynonyms.Keepspecialisedvocabularyandcommonwords.Examples:a.PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates.PaulEkmanwhoworksattheUniversityofCaliforniahasperformedasequenceofinvestigationsonthewaynonverbalbehaviourmaydiscloserealinternalconditions.b.Therearereckonedtobeover4,000plantspeciesusedbyforestdwellersasfoodandmedicinealone.Therearecalculatedtobemorethan4,000plantspeciesutilisedbyforestinhabitantsjustasfoodstuffsanddrugs.c.Memoryisthecapacityforstoringandretrievinginformation.Memoryisthefacilityforkeepingandrecoveringdata.d.Researchandpublicationsareaccumulatingineachofthefourfieldsofanthropologyatanexponentialrate.Studiesandbooksaregatheringinallofthefourareasofanthropologyataveryfastspeed.e.Itisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsherbaby.Itisusefultoobserveseveralfeaturesofhowamotheractswhensheiswithhersmallchild.Note:Thisisnotenoughbyitself.Youalsoneedtochangethewordsandthestructureofthetext.3a/b.Identifythemeaningrelationshipsinthetextandexpresstheminadifferentway.Examples:a.Manyinvertebrates,ontheotherhand,suchassnailsandwormsandcrustacea,haveaspiralpatternofcleavage.Incontrast,manyinvertebrates,suchassnailsandwormsandcrustacea,haveaspiralpatternofcleavage.b.Similarly,themuscleswillnotgrowinlengthunlesstheyareattachedtotendonsandbonessothatastheboneslengthen,theyarestretched.Likewise,ifthemusclesarenotattachedtotendonsandbonessothatastheboneslengthen,theyarestretched,theywillnotgrowinlength.c.Besidesbeingatheoryaboutthebasisandoriginofknowledgeandthecontentsofourmindsingeneral,empiricismisalsosometimesamethodology.Notonlyisempiricismatheoryaboutthebasisandoriginofknowledgeandthecontentsofourmindsingeneral,italsosometimesamethodology.d.Asopposedtothis,Lockeisoftensupposedtobesayingthat,inadditiontoproperties,thingshaveasubstratumwhichsupportstheirproperties.Lockeisoftensupposedtobesaying,ontheotherhand,that,inadditiontoproperties,thingshaveasubstratumwhichsupportstheirproperties.e.ConsequentlyinasenseonemayspeakoftheCommonLawasunwrittenlawincontrastwithStatuteLaw,whichiswrittenlaw.Inasense,therefore,onemayspeakoftheCommonLawasunwrittenlawincontrastwithStatuteLaw,whichiswrittenlaw.Note:Thisisnotenoughbyitself.Youalsoneedtochangethestructureofthetext.3b/c.Changethegrammarofthetext:Forexample:i.changenounstoverbsa.Thisrewritingofhistorywasnotsomuchamatterofanewstart.Thisrewritingofhistorywasnotsomuchamatterofstartingagain.b.Hereheliveswiththelabourersinoneofthebarrackrooms,andoutofhissmallearningsmakesastartathavingahousebuilt.Hereheliveswiththelabourersinoneofthebarrackrooms,andoutofhissmallearningsstartstohaveahousebuilt.ii.changeverbstonounsa.TheNormansinvadedin1066.TheNormaninvasiontookplacein1066.b.Thebombexplodedandcausedmanycasualties.Theexplosioncausedmanycasualties.iii.changeadverbstoadjectivesa.Hewrotefrequently.Hewroteonfrequentoccasions.b.Politically,itwasabaddecision.Fromapoliticalpointofview,itwasabaddecision.iv.changeactiveverbstopassivea.WecanrelateastudyofthiskindtotextsinothermediatooAstudyofthiskindcanberelatedtotextsinothermediatoo.b.Inthistreatmenttheteachercanuseavarietyoftechniquestoelicitthelanguagelearnersalreadyknow.Inthistreatmentavarietyoftechniquesisusedtoelicitthelanguagelearnersalreadyknow.v.breakupsentencesa.Giventheextenttowhichdeforestationincreasedmarkedlyinthefoursouthernstatesduring1987and1988,itishearteningnewsthatduringtheearlypartofthe1989dryseasontheburningseemedtohavebeencurtailedsomewhat,duetoacombinationofpolicychanges,bettercontrolsonburning,andmostimportantofallanexceptionallywetdryseason.Deforestationincreasedmarkedlyinthefoursouthernstatesduring1987and1988.Onaccountofthis,itishearteningnewsthatduringtheearlypartofthe1989dryseasontheburningseemedtohavebeencurtailedsomewhat.Thereasonforthisisacombinationofpolicychanges,bettercontrolsonburning,andmostimportantofallanexceptionallywetdryseason.b.