功能主义语言学说略

20033(75)()LanguageandTranslation(Chinese)No.3,2003GeneralNo.75(,100875):,[](1974),,,,::;;;;:H0-06:A:1001-0823(2003)03-0010-06(functionalism),,(formalism),,,,,,,,,,,:,();,(),,,(V.Mathesius),(theme)(rheme)(Transition):,,(A.Martinet)(doublear2ticulation);,()(),(R.Jakobson),(V.V.Vinogradov)(I.P.Raspopov)(G.A.Zolotova),,,01©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(commucativecompetence)(syntax)(autonomy),,(pragmatics),,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,(Lakoff&John2son,1980;,),,,(au2tonomous),,,,,,:(a)](b)]3(a),(b),,,,,,,,(,1999),(con2tinuum),,,,,,(module),bachelor()[+][+][+],,:1)();2);3);4),,,bachelor:;;(1998),(languageuniversals),,,,,VOS,VOS(1%)(BernardComrie,1981),,,(modeling),,,11©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1928);,,;(M.A.K.Halliday,1925),,,,();,,;,;,;,:1):,2):,3),:;,:()(prototype),,(),,,:1)2)3)4),,,(differentdegreesoftypicality),,,,,,,()(continuum),,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,()(markedness),(marked),(unmarked)boy,2s,boys,2s,,,(markednesstheory)N.trubetzkoyR.Jakob2son,,,()(iconicity),,,,(Tai,1993),21©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()(grammaticalizition),,,,(dis2course),,,,,(transitivity)(top2icality),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,(systemicfunctionalgrammr)SandraThompson(discoursegrammar)VanValin(roleandrefer2nceGrammar)(SusumuKuno)()(S.VanDik)(DikKuno,);,:,,RonaldW.Langacker(cognitivegrammar)JohnHaiman(naturalgrammar)(cognition-basedfunctionalgrammar),(systemicfunctionalgrammr),()(J.R.Firth)(M.A.K.Halliday,1994):1.(scaleandcategorygram2mar)(TheLanguageoftheChineseSecretHistoryoftheMongols)(GrammaticalCategoryofModernChinese):(unit)(class)(structure)(system),,ö;(),++;();,(rank)(delicacy)(exponence);,,,;31©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(systemicgrammar)(SomeNotesonDeep’Grammar,1966),:(1),,,öö,,ö(2),(3),,,3.(functionalgrammar)(NotesonTransitivityandThemeinEnglish,1967-1968)(SomeAspectsoftheThematicOrganizationoftheEnglishClause,1967)(1969)(LanguageStructureandLanguageFunction,1970)(1970)(ExplorationsintheFunctionsofLanguage,1973)(AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar,1985),(metafunction),(ideational)(interpersonal)(textual)(experiential)(logical),(transitivity)(voice)(polarity);(mood)(modality)(key);(theme)(infor2mation)(cohesion)(),:(1)(metafunctional),,,:1)(ideational);2)(interpersonal);3)(textual)(2),,,,,,,(3)(stratificational),(realiza2tion),()();(),;(4),,;(5),,41©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(6)(approxi2mative)(probabilistic),,,pavement,sidewalk,,IshallgoIwillgoI’llgo,,,,,:[1],,.[M].,1989.[2].[J]..1991(2).[3].[M].,1999[4],.[M].,1996.[5].[M].,1998.[6]GeoffThompson.IntroducingFunctionalGram2marEdwardArnold(Publishers)Ltd.1996.[7]M.A.K.Halliday.AnintroductiontofunctionalgrammarEdwardArnold(Publishers)Ltd.1994.[8]Tai.IconicityMotivationsinChineseGrammar,inMushiraEidandGregoryIversion(eds.)PrincipleandPredictions:TheAnalysisofNaturalLanguage.Amser2damandPhiladelphia:John.Benjamins.1993.[9]Lakoff,G.&M.JohnsonMetaphorsWeLiveBy.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.1980.[10]Comrie,Bernard(1981)LanguageUniversalsandLinguisticTypologyTheUniversityofChicagoPress..[M].,1989.AspectofFunctionalLinguisticsZHOUShi-hong(DepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiterature,BeijingNormalUniversity100875,China)Abstract:Contemporarylinguisticstudiescanbedividedintotwotypes:formalismandfunc2tionalism.Thisessaymakesasurveyonthefunctionalism’stheorytowardslanguage,itsfocus,ap2proach,basicconception,functionalexplanationanditslimitation.Attheendofthisessay,theau2thortakesabriefreviewonsystematicfunctionalgrammarwhichhasagreatinfluenceonthelinguis2ticresearchinChina.Keywords:functionalism;viewonlanguage;basicconception;essentialandlimitation;sys2tematicgrammar51©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.