2018高考英语一轮温习构想-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the

Ⅰ.分类记单词——快速掌握1．阅读词汇——记一记(1)fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的(2)chainn.链子；连锁；锁链(3)dissolvevt.&vi.溶解；解散(4)acidn.酸(5)multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加(6)gravityn.万有引力；重力(7)extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的(8)exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽(9)satelliten.卫星；人造卫星(10)spaceshipn.宇宙飞船2．写作词汇——写一写(1)atmospheren.大气层；气氛(2)solaradj.太阳的；日光的(3)thusadv.因此；于是(4)gentleadj.温和的；文雅的(5)climaten.气候(6)crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落(7)pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力(8)floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物(9)systemn.系统；体系；制度(10)theoryn.学说；理论3．拓展词汇——背一背(1)globe(n.)球体；地球仪；地球→global(adj.)全球性的；全世界的(2)violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence(n.)暴力→violently(adv.)暴力地；猛烈地(3)unlike(prep.)不同；不像→like(vt.)喜欢(prep.)像→dislike(vt.)不喜欢；讨厌→likely(adj.)可能的(4)harmful(adj.)有害的→harm(n.)&(vt.)伤害→harmless(adj.)无害的(5)exist(vi.)存在；生存→existence(n.)存在；生存(6)puzzle(vt.)&(vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)为难(n.)谜；难题→puzzled(adj.)感到困惑的→puzzling(adj.)令人困惑的(7)religion(n.)宗教；宗教信仰→religious(adj.)宗教的(8)biology(n.)生物学→biologist(n.)生物学家(9)reaction(n.)反应；回应→react(v.)反应Ⅱ.联想背短语——高效识记1．in_time及时；终于2．be_harmful_to/do_harm_to对……有害3．in_one's_turn轮到某人；接着4．prevent..._from阻止；制止5．cheer_up感到高兴；感到振奋6．now_that既然7．break_out突发；爆发8．layeggs下蛋9．givebirthto产生；分娩10．blockout挡住(光线)11．watchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防Ⅲ.精彩写句式——典句背诵1．betodo结构表示不可避免将要发生的事。Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.【仿写】那时人们并不知道他们的所作所为会让地球变暖。Atthattimepeopledidn'tknowwhattheydid__________________theearthwarm.答案：wastomake2．“makeitpossibletodosth.”结构Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.【仿写】这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。Thegirlknowsthreeforeignlanguages,which______________________agoodjob.答案：makesiteasierforhertofind3．“倍数＋as＋...＋as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.【仿写】太空技术的发展使得人类登上火星成为可能。Thedevelopmentofspacetechnologyhas______________________Mars.答案：madeitpossibleforhumanstolandon4．nowthat引导的原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.【仿写】既然你精通英语，你就可以申请这份工作。Nowthat______________________，youcanapplyforthejob.答案：youhaveagoodcommandofEnglish核心考点·互动探究第一板块|重点单词1．harmfuladj.有害的[佳句诵读]Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisveryharmfultotheirhealth.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。(1)beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2)do/causeharmtosb.do/causesb.harm对某人有害(3)Thereisnoharmindoingsth.Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有坏处①Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causing/doing_serious_harm_tolifeandtheenvironment.(2013·安徽高考书面表达)这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。②Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,there_is_no_harm_in_calling_him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。2．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)existin存在于……之中existon靠……为生Thereexists...某地有……；存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在①Asisknowntous,there_exists_a_generation_gapbetweentheyoungandtheold.众所周知，青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyhe'searning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。③Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。[名师指津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3．puzzlevt.使迷惑；使为难n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)apuzzletosb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的；困惑的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解①Wherethelostboyhasgonestillremainsapuzzletous.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。②Thepuzzled(puzzle)lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn'tunderstandwhatIsaid.他脸上困惑的表情表明了他不明白我说的。4．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力[教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pulldown拆毁；摧毁pullin(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pullout驶出；拉出；拔出pullthrough康复；痊愈pullup(使)停住①Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherhewouldpull_throughornot.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。②Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpull_out,_withhiseyesfulloftears.那位父亲眼含泪水看着载着他儿子的火车驶出站。③Theyarepulling_downthosehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。[板块集训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空/完成句子1．Whatmakesme________(puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.答案：puzzled2．Weliveina________(globe)village,butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.答案：global3．Astheoldsayinggoes,itiseasiertopull________thantobuildup.答案：down4．________(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.答案：Unlike5．Theconversationwascarriedon____________________(在友好和谐的气氛中)．答案：inaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphereⅡ.多维演练1．exist(1)单句语法填空①There________(exist)agoodwaytosolvethe________(exist)problematpresent.②Theoldladybecameseriouslyilllastweek,andshehasonlyexisted________milkeversince.③Asisknowntous,theRepublicofChinacameinto________(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.existsexistingonexistence(2)高考小作文④(2014·北京高考书面表达)在我们学校自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。Theparkingplaceforbikes______________________________________________inourschool.wasanexistingproblemforalongtime2．harmful(1)单句语法填空①Asweallknow,abadeatinghabitis________(harm)toone'shealth.②AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisno________(harmful)inmakinganapologytohimfirst.(2)一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。