大学英语语法教程-第一讲-句子结构

LectureoneSentenceStructure&Lecture36Modification简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋系动词＋主语补语(SVC)Grammarishell.2.主语＋不及物动词(SV)Grammarsucks.3.主语＋及物动词＋宾语(SVO)Ihategrammar.简单句的五个基本句型4.主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVoO)ShegaveJohnabook．5.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语。Xinchunreturnedfromabroadadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)_______.(TEM4-2013-52)A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialD.complementD教材14页称该现象为双重谓语。英语里有一个句型：主语+不及物动词（非系动词）+形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如：Theymarriedyoung.Hediedhappy.Hediedapoorman.2011年TEM4中：宾语：1主语：1主谓关系：12012年TEM4中：同位语：2主语：1宾语：1状语：3（状语从句1；介词短语做状语2）2013年TEM4中：同位语：1补语：1主谓关系：11.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.表语(predicative)(即主语补语)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见的系动词有:be,sound,look,feel,smell,taste,remain,feel,turn……找出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.③Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.④Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任,放在及物动词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.Wewillmakethemhappy.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（名词monitor）（名词apity）（形容词happy）（toteachthelazyboyalesson）（现在分词burning）6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。(教材421页)Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.时间地点原因程度目的结果条件方式让步1.Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?(TEM4-2012-62)A.Despitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.B.Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.D.AreyousureofSimon’sdisappearance?2.Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?(TEM4-2012-64)A.Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasure.B.Isteppedasideforhertogetinfirst.C.Forallthatheseemstodislikeme,Istilllikehim.D.Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson.CA教材308-309页1.AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT(TEM4-2012-59)A.Onlyoneproblemstillremains–thefood.B.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D.Shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.2.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?(TEM4-2013-61)A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.C.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.8.同位语（教材418页）两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相同，句法功能也相同，我们就把这种结构叫做同位结构，而把后项叫做前项的同位语。如：thecityofShanghaitheyear2014Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.Duringallthoseyearstheyoungmanhadbutoneaim---tofightfortheindependenceofhiscountry.Hestudieslinguistics,orthescienceoflanguage.Someanimals,forexamplethefoxandsquirrel,havebushytails.1.AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT(TEM4-2012-59)A.Onlyoneproblemstillremains–thefood.B.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D.Shelikedhercurrentjob,teachingEnglish.2.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?(TEM4-2013-61)A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.C.Larryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.BB