儿童GPS防丢器的设计

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）I儿童GPS防丢器的设计摘要步入二十一世纪，我们老龄化比例逐渐上升，独生子女现象日益普遍。作为社会中坚力量的中年人，面对日益激励的职场竞争和社会生活、住房等压力而无暇满足小孩子的监护需求。另一方面，一些罪犯分子利用儿童年龄较小、社会安全意识不足的特点而进行一系列犯罪活动，这些都给儿童的生命安全带来了潜在的威胁。因此，加强对儿童的实时追踪以确保他们的安全就显得特别的重要。近年来，随着传统的GPS应用领域不断得到扩展，逐渐从军用发展到民用，使得对儿童的追踪定位成为了可能。本论文提出的基于GPS&GSM儿童定位系统是以自我保护能力较弱的儿童为对象的。本系统目的是对儿童进行定位和监控，他们的父母可以随时查看儿童所处位置。父母可以通过手机向设备发送命令，设备受到发送的命令后以短信的形式将父母所需信息反馈回去。同时，父母可以将儿童应该出现的“合法”位置在设备中加以设定，当携带设备的儿童在户外活动中超出此位置后，设备可以向父母发送报警信息。本系统包括GPS模块、GSM模块、显示器和单片机。主要完成以下三方面的工作：(1)儿童定位系统的整体方案的设计；(2)儿童定位系统的硬件设计；(3)儿童定位系统的软件设计。通过对课题的充分研讨和对硬件电路的认真、细致的连接，本人完成了硬件电路的设计，经测试，硬件电路连接性较好，基本符合设计要求。关键词：GPS，GSM，全球卫星定位洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）IIGPSPositioningMonitoringSystemforChildrenABSTRACTSteppinginto21stcentury,theproportionofagingisrapidincreasinganditiscommonthatonefamilyonlyhasonechild.Middleclasswhoplaysimportantroleforthedevelopmentofourcountryaresobusythattheydon’thaveenoughtimetotakecareoftheirchild,andtheincreasingcomplexityofurbanroads,differentkindsoftrafficaccidentsandthehighcrimeratealsoputstrongpressureforthesafetyofchildren.Asaresult,thereal-timetrackingofchildrenbecomesespeciallyimportantforchildrentoinsuretheirsafety.Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofGPS,ithasbeenusedwidelyindifferentfields,frommilitarytocivilian,makingthetrackofchildrencometrue.TheparerproposedasystemwhichbasedonGPS&GSMisintendtoprotectthechildrenwhoisvulnerable.Itenablesparentstoknowwheretheirchildrenstaysothattheycouldlocateandmonitortheirchildren.Parentscanmonitorthechildrenthroughtherephone.Theysendorderstothedeviceandthedevicesendtheinformationthatit’srequiredback.Meanwhileparentscansetaprospercirclepositioninthedevice.oncechildrenbeyondthiscircleinoutdooractivities,thedevicewillsendalertinformationtotheirparentsthroughGSM.ThesystemincludesGPSmodule,GSMmodule,displayandMCUwhichcouldcompletethefollowingtasks:(1)theoveralldesignschemeofchildrenpositioning;(2)childrenpositioningsystemhardwaredesign;(3)childrenpositioningsystemsoftwaredesign.Withalotofdiscussionandresearchofthesubjectandconscientiousandcarefulconnectingofthehardware,icompletedthedesignofthissystem.Aftertested,ifoundthathardwarecircuitisgoodandbasicallymeetthedesignrequirements.KEYWORDS:GPS，GSM，GlobalPositioningSatellite洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）III目录第一章绪论.................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景..............................................................................11.2课题研究的现状..............................................................................21.3课题研究的意义..............................................................................31.4课题研究的主要内容......................................................................5第二章总体方案的设计.............................................................................72.1设计方案的提出及论证..................................................................72.2系统功能需求分析..........................................................................82.3系统总体设计...................................................................................82.3.1单片机控制系统.....................................................................92.3.2SIM908模块.............................................................................92.4本章小结...........................................................................................9第三章硬件部分设计...............................................................................113.1GPS部分...........................................................................................113.1.1GPS定位技术.........................................................................113.1.2GPS定位原理.........................................................................113.1.3GPS定位的特点.....................................................................123.2GPS定位数据的提取.....................................................................123.3数据传输平台的选择...................................................................133.4经度纬度转换...............................................................................143.5GSM全球移动通讯系统.................................................................143.5.1GSM发展历史.........................................................................143.5.2短信息业务（SMS）............................................................153.6SIM908模块及其外围电路...........................................................153.6.1SIM908对外接口电路..........................................................163.6.2状态指示电路.......................................................................173.6.3开关机电路...........................................................................18洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）IV3.6.4SIM卡接口电路.....................................................................183.6.5电平转换电路.......................................................................193.7AT命令知识介绍...........................................................................203.8单片机模块...................................................................................203.9OLED液晶显示器...........................................................................2