unit 11 shipping

UNIT11Shipping1.Objectives2.Warming-Up3.RelatedKnowledge4.SampleLetter5.ExercisesLecturecontents:1.Objectives•beabletodefinesuchtermsasmodeoftransportation,partialshipment,transshipment,andotherrelatedconcepts.•beabletogiveshippinginstructionandshippingadvice.•getageneralideaofbookingshippingspaceorcharteringashipandhowtonegotiatewithcounterparty.Uponcompletionofthisunit,youwill:2.Warming-UpShipment,oneoftheindispensabletermsofsalescontract,signifiestheseller’sfulfillmentoftheobligationtomakedeliveryofthegoods.2.Warming-Up•Transportisaveryimportantmeansininternationaltradebecausegoodssoldbythesellerhavetobedeliveredtothebuyerabroad,andthedeliveryofgoodsismadepossiblebytransportservices.DefinitionofInternationalTransportationInordertofulfillanexporttransactionandeffectivetransportinsage,speedy,accurate,andeconomicalway,aglobalbusinessmanwillfinditusefultohaveafairlygoodknowledgeoftransport.Inpractice,shipmentinvolvessuchproceduresasclearingthegoodsthroughthecustoms,bookingshippingspaceorcharteringaship,completingshippingdocuments,dispatchingshippingadvice.2.Warming-Up3.RelatedknowledgeA.Therearethreepartiesinvolvedinthemovementofgoods:consignor/theshippercarrierconsignee发货人承运人收货人Phrasesfrequentlyused•dateofshipment•dateofdelivery•portofloading(portofshipment)•Portofdischarge(portofdestination)装运日期交货日期装货港（装运港）卸货港（目的港）3.Relatedknowledge•Transshipment•Partialshipment•Shippingmarks•freight转船分批装运唛头运费3.RelatedknowledgeB.Factorseffectthemeansofshipment•Natureoftheproduct•Distancetobeshipped•Availablemeansoftransportation•Timelimit•Freightcost3.RelatedknowledgeC.Means/manners/waysofshipment:Carriageofgoodscantakeplacebysea,rail,air,road,inlandwaterway,parcelpost,containerandmultimodaltransport.3.Relatedknowledge•OceanFreight•RoadFreight•MicrolandbridgeFreight•RailFreight•AirFreight3.RelatedknowledgeOceanfreightisthemostwidelyusedmodeoftransportationininternationaltrade.OceanFreightAdvantages:easypassage,largecapacityandlowcost.Disadvantages:slow,vulnerabletobadweatherandlesspunctual•Theroadfreightandrailfreightarecommonlyusedinthecross-borderdeliveries.RoadFreightAbout50%to80%cross-borderdeliveries•Railtransportisamajormodeoftransportintermsofcapacity,onlysecondtooceantransport.Itiscapableofachievingrelativelyhighspeedandismosteconomical.•Railtransportcanbedividedintointernationalcombinedrailtransportanddomesticrailtransport.RailFreight•Railfreightispopularinmultimodaltransportandtransshipment.Itiswidelyusedinland-bridges.RailFreight•Landbridgetransportationmeanstransportationfromoneseaporttoanotherbyrailwayacrosscontinentsinsteadofbyoceanship.•Atpresent,therearetwocommonroutesforusinglandbridgetransportationintheworld.–OneisAsia—America—Europelandbridge–TheotherisEurope—AsialandbridgeLandBridgeMICROBRIDGE•Mostaircargoesarecarriedonpassengerairliner.•Airfreightisoftenusedforhighvalue&lowvolumecargo.AirFreight80%to90%aretransportedbyIATAmembersAirfreightisidealforconsumer-typecargoes•suchas:–freshflowersandfruitswhichdeteriorateeasily–fashionablearticlethathaveashortsellinglife–seasonalgoodsormerchandiseofhighvaluetolowweightratio.AirFreightD.ShippingProcedure•Shipmentcoversratherawiderangeofwork.3.RelatedknowledgesendshipmentinstructionssendingshippingadviceClearingthegoodsthroughthecustomsBookingshippingspace/CharteringshipsAppointingshippingagentArrangeshipmentNominationofvesselsShippingInstructionbuyerssellersshippingrequirementsinformthepacking,shippingmarks,modeoftransportation,etc.3.RelatedknowledgeShippingAdvicebuyerssellersNoticeadvisethebuyersoftheshipmentafterthegoodsareloadedonboardtheship3.RelatedknowledgeE.Partialshipment&Transshipment•Whenshipmentsaremadeondifferentdatesand/ordifferentportsorpointsoforigin,butthetransportdocumentsindicatethesamedestinationandbearthesamemeansofconveyanceforthesamejourney,theyareregardedascoveringpartialshipments.•IfthenatureofthegoodspermitsandprovidedthatappropriatestipulationshavebeenlaiddowninthecontractorL/C,thesellermaychoosetomakeseveralpartialshipmentsofagivenlotofcontractedgoodsatdifferenttimes.Partialshipment:•Incasewheredirectsailingfromoneporttotheotherisunavailable,transshipmentisnecessary.Transshipment•Partialshipmentandtransshipmentshouldbeallowedbythebuyerinadvance.NoteF.DocumentsofShipmentB/LAirWaybill提货单空运单3.Relatedknowledge•First,itisareceiptofthegoods；•Second,itisacontractfortheperformanceofcertainservicesoncertainconditions；•Third,itservesasevidenceofownershipofthegoodsdescribesinpracticeanegotiableinstrumentusedassecurityforloansandotherpurpose.•Billofladingisanessentialdocumentinmakingashipmentwhichpresent3aspects:B/L:Insteadofabilloflading,anairwaybillusedifgoodsaresentbyair.G.Container•Withtheexpansionofinternationaltrade,thecontainerservicehasbecomepopular.•Containersareconstructedofmetalandareofstandardlengthsrangingfrom10ftsto40fts.3.RelatedknowledgeContainerservicehasthefollowingadvantages:1.Containersmakepilferageimpossible.2.Thereisnoriskofgoodsgettinglostormislaidintransit.3.Manpowerinhandlingisgreatlyreduced,withlowercostsandlessriskofdam