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当前位置:首页 > 外语资料 > 英语基础 > 英语句子结构分析(共35张PPT)
英语句子结构分析一、简单句的五种基本句型:1、主语+连系动词+表语如:Hebecameexhausted.Itprovestoberight.Themachineisbroken.连系动词有:be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turnout/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/become,grow,get,turn,go,come(true),fall(ill,asleep)2、主语+谓语(及物动词或短语)+宾语如:Theydecidedtoholdaclassmeeting.Wedependonourparentsforfoodandclothing.3、主语+谓语(不及物动词或短语)(+状语)如:Thesunrisesintheeast.TheOpiumWarbrokeoutin1839.4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如:Myfatherboughtmeanelectronicdictionary.Mr.Wangteachesuschemistry.用于此句型的动词有:buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell,do,leave,get,lend,lose,cost,offer,promise,sing,write,deny,envy5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语如:MarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.Theboymadehissistercry.Ourteacherencouragedustoworkhard.二、句子的成分:1、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的主体。1)、Thesunrisesintheeast.2)、Helikesdancing.3)、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.4)、Seeingisbelieving.5)、Toseeistobelieve.6)、Whatheneedsisabook.7)、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语:它是说明主语的动作或状态的。作谓语的有:及物动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词系动词+动词)。1)WestudyEnglish.2)Bequiet.Iamthinking.3)Evenexpertscanmakemistakes.4)Hedoesn'twanttobeajournalist.5)Iamalwaysworriedaboutmylittlepet.6)Heisasleep.3、宾语:它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的。1)IlikeChina.2)Hehatesyou.3)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.4)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.5)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.6)Ihopetoseeyouagain.7)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。1.Hegavemeabookyesterday.2.Givethepoormansomemoney.划线部分是?1.Areyouafraidofthesnake?2.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)4、表语:它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征。作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。1、Heisateacher.2、Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.3、Fiveandfiveisten.4、Heisasleep.5、Hisfatherisin.6、Thepictureisonthewall.7、Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.8、Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.9、Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.5、定语:它是限定、修饰名词或代词用的。1.AiYeanlingisachemistryteacher.2.Heisourfriend.3.Webelongtothethirdworld.4.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.5.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.6.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.7.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.8.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.9.Ihaveanideatodoitwell.10.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句位置呢?6、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。1)Iwillgotheretomorrow.2)Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.3)Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.4)HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.5)Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.6)Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.7)Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.8)Hegoestoschoolbybike.9)Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.作状语的有:副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾;修饰动词的常跟在动词后面;但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。7、补足语:补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的。1)Weelectedhimmonitor.2)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.3)Wewillmakethemhappy4)Wefoundnobodyin.5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.6)Don’tlethimdothat.7)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.8)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.9)I’llhavemybikerepaired.作补足语的有:名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词(短语)。主补:对主语的补充。1.Hewaselectedmonitor.(名词)2.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.(现在分词)3.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(不定式)8、同位语:把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,这样的名词代词或从句叫同位语。1)WeChinesepeoplelovepeace.2)Ourmonitor,LiQiang,isawarm-heartedguy.3)Iheardthenewsthatwehadwonthecompetition.三、句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3)祈使句:Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。1)HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2)TomandMikeareAmericanboys.3)Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.注意:我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语进行修饰等,以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变,都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.(划线部分在句中作状语,修饰动词worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.(划线部分在句中作定语,修饰名词student)2)并列句:句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中,必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分,而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分,即从句部分。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(As引导一个定语从句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.(简单句划线部分在句中作状语)(复合句包含两个名词性从句:Whathesays是一个主语从句;whathedoes是一个宾语从句)3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句6.HeisinClassOnean
本文标题:英语句子结构分析(共35张PPT)
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