新视野大学英语第二册词汇讲解

UNITONETIME-CONSCIOUSAMERICANSWORDSANDPHRASESUSEFULEXPRESSIONSSENTENCESWords&PhrasesCommit--tosaythatsomeonewilldefinitelydosomethingormustdosomethingcommitsomebodytodoingsomething--Hehasclearlycommittedhisgovernmenttocontinuingdownthepathofeconomicreform.commitsomebodytosomethingMeetingthemdoesn'tcommitustoanything.commityourselfI'dcommittedmyselfandtherewasnoturningback.commityourselfto(doing)somethingThebankshavecommittedthemselvestoboostingprofitsbyslashingcostsWords&Phrasesaccountforsomething1toformaparticularamountorpartofsomething:--Afro-Americansaccountfor12%oftheUSpopulation.2tobethereasonwhysomethinghappens[=explain]:--Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehavior.3tosaywhereallthemembersofagroupofpeopleorthingsare,especiallybecauseyouareworriedthatsomeofthemmaybelost:（事故后）查明--Threedaysaftertheearthquake,morethan150peoplehadstilltobeaccountedfor.Words&PhrasesAcute--1problemanacuteproblemisveryserious:Thehousingshortageismoreacutethanfirstthought.2feelinganacutefeelingisverystrong:acutepain;acuteembarrassment;acuteanxiety3illnessanacuteillnessordiseasequicklybecomesveryserious[≠chronic]:acutearthritis关节炎4sensesacutesensessuchashearing,taste,etcareverygoodandsensitive:Youngchildrenhaveaparticularlyacutesenseofsmell.5intelligentquicktonoticeandunderstandthings[=sharp]:Simon'svaguemannerconcealedanacutemind.anacuteanalysisofMiddleEasternpoliticsWords&PhrasesCount--tobeimportantorvaluable:--Firstimpressionsreallydocount.countforHispromisesdon'tcountformuch.Words&PhrasesAbrupt--1suddenandunexpected:anabruptchangeofplancometoanabruptend/haltetc--Thebuscametoanabrupthalt.2seemingrudeandunfriendly--Sorry,Ididn'tmeantobesoabrupt.Wordroot“rupt”=break,表示“断裂”rupturen破裂;断绝(rupt+ure)abrupta突然的(ab离开+rupt→断开→突然断开→突然的)bankrupta破产的(bank柜台+rupt→柜台断了→破产了)bankruptcyn破产(bank+rupt+cy)corrupta腐败的(cor全部+rupt断→全断了→腐败了)corruptionn腐败(cor+rupt+ion)disruptv分裂;瓦解(dis分开+rupt→分开断→分裂)disruptionn分裂;瓦解(disrupt+ion)eruptv爆发;喷出(e出+rupt→断裂而喷出)eruptionn爆发(erupt+ion)interruptv打断(inter在…中间+rupt→在[讲话]中间打断)interruptionn打断，插嘴(interrupt+ion)Words&PhrasesResent--tofeelangryorupsetaboutasituationoraboutsomethingthatsomeonehasdone,especiallybecauseyouthinkthatitisnotfairresent(somebody)doingsomething--Iresentedhavingtoworksuchlonghours.bitterly/deeply/stronglyresent--Shebitterlyresentedhismother'sinfluenceoverhim.--PaulresentedthefactthatCaroldidn'ttrusthim.Words&PhrasesAssess–1tomakeajudgmentaboutapersonorsituationafterthinkingcarefullyaboutit[=judge]assesstheimpact/extent/effectivenessetcofsomething--areporttoassesstheimpactofadvertisingonchildrenbeassessedassomething--Manyoftheadultswereassessedashavinglearningdifficulties.2tocalculatethevalueorcostofsomethingbeassessedatsomething--Thevalueofthebusinesswasassessedat£1.25million.Words&PhrasesWORDCHOICE:owingto,dueto,becauseof,thankstoOwingtoandduetoareslightlyformal.Theyareoftenusedinofficialnoticesandpublicstatements•Owingtobadweather,thismorning'sflightwillbedelayed.•Heisretiringduetoillhealth.InspokenEnglish,itismoreusualtousebecauseofthanowingtoordueto•Allmyclothesgotwetbecauseofthestorm.Thankstoisusedtoexplainwhysomethinggoodhashappened•Thankstothesuccessofhisfirstalbum,heisnowawealthyman.Words&Phrasescompetent--havingenoughskillorknowledgetodosomethingtoasatisfactorystandard[≠incompetent]:有能力的；胜任的--Acompetentmechanicshouldbeabletofixtheproblem.competenttodosomething--Idon'tfeelcompetenttogiveanopinionatthemoment.--Heistheonlypartyleadercompetentenoughtogovernthiscountry.competitive--determinedortryingveryhardtobemoresuccessfulthanotherpeopleorbusinesses--SomeUSindustriesarenotascompetitiveastheyhavebeeninthepast.Words&Phrasesgiven：takingsomethingintoaccount--Giventhecircumstances,you'vedonereallywell.Practice：考虑到他的年龄，他做得相当好。Givenhisage,hediditquitewell.Usefulexpressionspreciousresourcefirstimpressioninarushpaceoflifesmallexchangesbusinesscallritualinteractionrelaxedsurroundingssenseoftrusttalkingbusinessconductbusinessathandmajorbusinesspassageoftime宝贵资源第一印象匆匆忙忙生活节奏寒暄商务会议例行活动；礼节性交往放松的环境信任感谈生意做生意在手边；手头大生意时间的流逝EnhancingyourcomprehensionAmericansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.(para.1)美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,orroundonthegolfcoursewhiletheydevelopasenseoftrust.(para.4)一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。EnhancingyourcomprehensionEnhancingyourcomprehensionWeproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices;wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelonger—especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.(para.5)我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间,尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.(para.6)在有些国家,如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。EnhancingyourcomprehensionThisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,whereasthepostalserviceislesseffici