《英语单词拼读规则》速学速记 (1)

《英语单词拼读规则》速学速记字母是构成单词的基本单位，反过来说，单词是由字母构成的，但是单词的各个字母与各个音素之间并不是一一对应关系，倒是字组与音素之间存在着一对一的关系，即一个字组对应一个音素。因此，以字组为单位记忆单词远比以字母为单位记忆单词更合理，可以在单词的“音”与“形”之间建立起一对一的关系。“音”指的是单词读音中的各个音素，“形”指的是字组而不仅仅是字母。由此可见，在掌握26个字母的基础上熟记一部分元字组和辅字组是非常有必要的，可以很大程度降低记忆单词的难度，延长遗忘时间。深入了解英语单词读音和拼写之间的内在联系，深入了解英语单词中的字组与单词中各个音素之间的一一对应关系，可以使学习者准确地把握英语单词的读音和拼写，避免会读不会写或者会写不会读的现象，可以准确、牢固地记住英语单词，从而大大降低记忆单词的难度。一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackback1-02e在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese1-03在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg1-04i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite1-05在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06o在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsock1-08u在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09在闭音节中[]buscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a[]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01[i]orangecomradevillagecabbage2-02e[]hundredstudentopenweekend2-03[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04i[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05[ai]exercisesatellite2-06o[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07[u]alsozerophoto2-08u[]autumndiffcult2-09[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue2-12在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[]wantwhatwatchwashquality3-01a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前[]comemonkeylovemother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener4-01[:]warmquartertowards4-02oror在[w]音后面[:]fortymorningshort4-03[:]wordworkerworse4-04erirur[:]certainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday4-07五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are[ε]caredarehare5-01ere[i]heremere5-02ire[ai]firehirewire5-03ore[:]morescorebefore5-04ure[ju]purecure5-05areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picturepleasure5-06重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph5-08六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay6-01air[ε]airhairchairpairrepair6-02alal在fm前[]smallballtalkwallall6-03[:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost6-04[α:]halfcalm6-05au/aw[:]autumndaughterdraw6-06ea[i:]teacheasycheapplease6-07[e]heavybreadsweaterweather6-08[ei]breakgreat6-09ear[i]heardearnearclearyear6-10[ε]bearpearwearswear6-11[:]earthlearnearly6-12ee[i:]jeepweekgreenthree6-13eer[i]pioneerdeerbeer6-14ei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey6-15[i:]eitherkey6-16eu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper6-17[u:]flewbrewjewelry6-18ie/ei[s]音之后[i:]piecefieldreceive6-19oa[ou]coatJoanboatgoal6-20oar/oor[:]roarboarddoorfloor6-21oi/oy[i]noisepointboytoilet6-22oo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool6-23[u]booklookcookfootgood6-24ou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown6-25[ou]knowrowthrowthough6-26[]youngcountryenough6-27[u:]groupyousoup6-28our[:]courseyourfour6-29[au]ourhourours6-30[:]journey6-31ui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition6-32[u:]juicefruitsuit6-33七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkey7-01ow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow7-02元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee7-03-sion-tion[n]impressionnation7-04-sion在元音字母后[n]visiondecisionoccasion7-05-tion在s后[n]questionsuggestion7-06-sten[sn]listen7-07-stle[sl]whistle7-08-sure[]pleasuremeasure7-09-ture[]pictureculture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[:]8-01有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday[i]星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday[i]假日break中断+fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[:]＞cupboard[]碗柜8-02九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号b[b]bikebusbag9-01[/]bombtomb9-02cc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic9-03[s]facedecidecinema9-04ch[]muchchickrichteacher9-05[k]schoolheadachechemistry9-06[]machineChicago9-07-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock9-08d[d]doctorbreadhandday9-09-dge[]bridgefridge9-10dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink9-11f[f]fivefourbreakfast9-12gg在ei/y前[]baggardongo9-13[]orangelargeGerman9-14gh[f]coughenough9-15[/]lightdaughterhigh9-16gu--guegu在非重读音节中[]guessleaguedialogue9-17[w]languageanguish9-18h[h]hotheadhousehand9-19[/]hourhonest9-20j[]jeepjarjokejoinJuly9-21k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek9-22kn-[n]knifeknowknock9-23l[l]lifemilkschooltall9-24m[m]monkeycomeautumn9-25-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn9-26nn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote9-27[]unclethankhungry9-28-ng[]morningyoungwrong9-29p[p]paperplanepigshippen9-30ph[f]elephantphototelephone9-31q[k]Iraq9-32qu-[kw]qualityquite9-33r[r]redrubberruler9-34s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk9-35[z]musichusband9-36sc-[sk]scarlet9-37[s]musclescience9-38sh[]shefishshirtwash9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet9-40[]patientnation9-41tch[]watch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[θ]thinthirtymethod9-43[]thethesewiththan9-44[]clothefatherweather9-45tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck9-46v[v]veryvoiceloveleave9-47w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait9-48[/]answertwo9-49wh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy9-50