英语四种文体篇章分析

NarrationDefinition:Tonarrateistogiveanaccountofaneventorseriesofevents.Initsbroadestsense,narrativeincludesstories,realorimaginary,biographies,histories,newsitems,andnarrativepoems.Narrativeoftengoeshandinhandwithdescription.Whenonetellsastory,onedescribesitssettingandcharacters.Ontheotherhand,accountsofactionsmaybenecessarytothedescriptionofapersonorascene.Whenweplananarrative,weshouldconsiderfiveaspects：purposes,selectionofdetails,context,organization,andpointofview.StructureAnalysisTitle:FreshStart•MainIdea:Thetexttoldtheauthor’sexperiencethatshemadelotsofmistakes,suchasgoingintothewrongclassroom,fallingdowninthecafeteria,anddiningaloneonjunkfoodwhenshewasasafreshmanincollege,andsheunderstoodwhatwastruemeaningaboutcollegelife.•I.(para1):HowIfeltthefirstdayoncampusaftermyparentshadleft.•II.(para2-7):Imadealotofmistakesandwhatwasmyreactions.•A.sittinginthewrongclass•B.fallingdowninthecafeteria,soIjustatejunkfoodinsteadofeatingincafeteria.•III.(para8)AfootballplayermadethesamemistakeasIdid,butheshowedadifferentreaction.•IV.(para9-12)Throughmakingmistakes,Iunderstoodthetruemeaningofcollegelife.•A.Amaliciousattempttoembarrassanativefreshmanwasjustmomentofcollegefun.•B.Ishouldactmywayandbecomemyself.WaysofDeveloping•Thistextisanarrationofwhatthewriterexperiencedduringherfirstfewdaysatcollege.Followingthedevelopmentoftime,thewritermakestheseriesofevents:herparentsleavingherallbyherselfintheparkinglot,noticingthefootballplayeronherwaytothedorm,goingintothewrongclassroom,fallingdowninthecafeteria,diningaloneonjunkfood,andwitnessingthefootballplayerfallingdowninthecafeteria.Aftersheexperiencedtheseevents,sheeventuallyunderstoodwhatwastruemeaningofcollegelifeandhowtoarrangeherlife.•Therearemanywordsinchronologicalorder:•thenextmorninginthirdparagraph•afterclassinsixthparagraph•forthreedaysineighthparagraph•threeyearsaftergraduationinfourteenthTransitionalSentencesandConjunctions•Thelastsentenceinfirstparagraph:MyplanwastokeepmyearsopenandmymouthshutandhopenoonewouldnoticeIwasafreshman.•Thefirstsentenceinsecondparagraph:Withthatthoughtinmind,Iraisedmyhead,squaredmyshoulders,andsetoutinthedirectionofmydorm,glancing(andtheneversodiscreetly)atthecampusmapclutchedinmyhand.•“That”refersto“myplan”.Itmakesacomparisonbetweenfirstparagraphandsecondparagraph.sentence•Addingtomydistresswasthedistinctimpressionthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.•ItmeantwhatmadememoreupsetwasthefactthatIkneweveryoneelseoncampuswaswatchingme.•Isettledintomychairandtriedtoassumethescientificposeofabiologymajor,blendingslightlyforward,tensingmyarmsinpreparationforfuriousnotetaking,andcursingundermybreath.•ItmeantthatIsatbackinmychairandtriedtotakeonthescientificlookofastudentmajoringinbiology.Ibentmybodyforward,preparedmyarmstoworkhardattakingnotes,andatthesametimecursedmybadlucksecretly.ExpositionDefinition:Expositionisatypeoforalorwrittendiscoursethatexplains,clarifies,defines,orinstructs.Whendoingexpositorywriting,thewritercannotassumethatthereaderorlistenerhaspriorknowledgeorunderstandingofthetopicthatisbeingdiscussed.Instead,heisexpectedtoteach,inform,revealand/oramplifyideasandknowledge.StructureAnalysis•Title:FocusonGlobalWarming•MainIdea:Thearticletellsabouttheelementsofglobalwarming,theresultofglobalwarming,andtheactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.•Ⅰ.(1-2)Anintroductioninwhichtheauthortellsthereasonwhypeoplearenowincreasinglyconcernedabouttheglobalwarmingproblems.•A:Theclimatehasbeguntoshowsomesignsofwarming.•B:Globalwarmingmaybethesinglelargestthreattoourplanet.•Ⅱ.(3-7)Ourwarmingplanetchangesgradually.•A:Humanraisetheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereartificially.•1.Peoplereleaseendlesscarbondioxide,methaneandnitrogenoxide.•2.GreenhousegasestrapexcessheatintheEarth’satmosphere.•B:SurfacetemperatureoftheEarthhasrisen.•1.Sealevelisrising.•2.Theworld’scontinentglaciersareinasteadyrecession.•3.Humanhealthisconcerned.•Ⅲ.(8-11)Peoplecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.•A:Peoplecancurbconsumptionoffossilfuels.•B:Reducingourvulnerabilitytoglobalwarmingthroughcarefulplanningandotherstrategies.•C:Advocatingpoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingoverthelongterm.•D:Everyoneshouldworktogethertomakearealdifference.WaysofDeveloping•Inthisarticle,thefirstparagraphisdevelopedbytime.Atthebeginningoftheparagraph,theauthorsays“Twenty-fiveyearsago...”andthenhesays“Asaninternetsearchonglobalwarmingnowattests...”Atthesametime,“Twenty-fiveyearsago...now...”alsoshowsthisparagraphisdevelopedbycontrast.•Inparagraphfour,thesentence“Inessence,thesegasesaretrappingexcessheatintheEarth’satmosphereinmuchthesamewaythatawindshieldtrapssolarenergythatentersacar.”isdevelopedbycomparison.•Inparagraphsix,thesentence“Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethatsuchchangesintheclimatewillprobablyresultinhotterdaysandfewercooldays.”isdevelopedbycauseandeffect.TransitionalSentencesandConjunctions•Thetransitionalsentenceofthefirstandsecondparagraphis“Perhapsallthisattentionisdeserved”.•Thetransitionalsentenceofthefourthandfifthparagraphis“Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartob