2014新牛津版九年级英语上册unit-6-healthy-diet语法

2014新深圳牛津版九年级英语上册语法知识点解析unit6healthydiet宾语从句一、考点、热点回顾（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.1．We’renotsure_________there’llbe_________ornottomorrow．A．if；rainsB．if；rainyC．whether；rainD．whether；raining2.Iamnotsure_____hewillcomehere.______hecomeshere,pleaseletmeknow.A.that,WhenB.that,IfC.if,WhetherD.whether,When3.__________ornotwe’resuccessful,wecan’tbesurethatwedidourbest.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Though4．Wearenotsure___________itwillrainornottomorrow．A．thatB．ifC．weatherD．whether5.Heasked________________________.A.wheredidtheyhavethemeetingB.howtheygettothemuseumC.iftheyhadfinishedtheirworkD.whattheyaredoingintheroom6.Iwonder___________fromBeijingnextweek.A.whetherwillTimreturnB.whetherTimwillreturnC.ifwillTimreturnD.ifTimreturns3由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudent.”→Mr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,一般将来时变为过去将来时现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时变为过去完成时,过去完成时仍为过去完成时过去进行时仍为过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：直接引语间接引语todaythatdaynowthen,atthatmomentyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetcthenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforeheretherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.”→Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接引语是客观真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now变为then；yesterday变为thedaybefore;today变为thatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here变为thereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→HesaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词变化：this变为thatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.”→Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、变句型①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“I’mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?”→Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?”→HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,”saidshe.(Marysaid)→Sheaskedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句Hesaid,“Let’sgotoseethemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.三、单项选择1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howge