被动语态-Grammar-v-ing被动

Unit3GrammarRevisethePassiveVoiceof—ingForm一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat...据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuawasaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober,1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing形式语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone当非限定性动词-ing的逻辑主语是-ing所表示的动作对象时要用-ing的被动形式，包括其一般形式“(not)being+-ed分词和完成形式“(not)havingbeen+-ed分词”。什么情况用V-ing形式的被动式呢？当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语。动词-ing形式的被动语态1.Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.2.Beinghelpedoutbythekillerwhales,thewhalerswereabletomakesuccessfulkill.用作主语______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(上海高考题2002)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed分析：本句中expose与one’sskin是动宾关系，根据句意，应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语，故答案为C。1.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.2.Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.3.Ididn’tliketheideaofbeingthrownaboutinaboatonaroughsea.用作宾语V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。★Thebirdescaped______________(catch).★Hewasafraidof_______________(abandon)byus.beingabandonedbeingcaught在avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。注意1.Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.2.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibraryuponitscompletion.用作定语1.Beingaskedtoanswerthequestion,shecouldn’trefuse.2.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howwouldyounotvalueitatall?用作状语—Ving一般时和一般时的被动形式;(1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.(2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.Compare—Ving的完成时和完成时的被动形式(1)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.(2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.Compare在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.会议结束后,我们都离开房间开车走了。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Theheavyfrostcomingon,deadleaveslaythickontheground.浓霜降临,落叶满地。一些动词如need,want,require等作“需要”讲时,其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：注意Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干净。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.=Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那个破窗户需要修理。另外注意beworth及beworthy的用法：Theproblemisworthdiscussing.Theproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed.Theproblemisworthytobediscussed.以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。1.---WhatmadeBillsoangry?---___.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.BeingkeptwaitedPractice2.Thebuilding___inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching6._________thewholestory,Janedecidednottoseethefilm.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.BeentoldD.Telling7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled8.Doyoumind___aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft1.____________(ask)toputonperformance,sherefused.2.Hedisliked_________________(interrupt)inhisexperiment.3._________________(give)suchagoodchance,youshouldcatchit.BeingaskedFillintheblanks.beinginterruptedHavingbeengiven4.Ididn’tmind__________(leave)athome.5.Thehousewants_______(clean).6.Hecameinwithout___________(ask).7.__________________(show)aroundthelibrary,weweretakentoseethelab.beingleftcleaningbeingaskedHavingbeenshownThankyou!