初中英语定语从句1

初中英语定语从句讲解及练习资阳林凤中学lfzxwbxteacher定语从句：复合中在修饰句名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。Ⅰ.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被叫做。Ⅱ.关系词：关系代词和关系副词。1.引导定语从句的关系代词有：2.引导定语从句的关系副词有：。3.关系代词在定语从句中做4.关系副词在定语从句中做。先行词who,whose,whom,which,that。when,where,why主语，宾语，定语状语Ⅲ(一）关系词代词在定语从句中的作用：一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。•Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.•Theboywho/whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.•二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。•1Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.2.Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(介词后whom不能省略)3.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后，例如：lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff…)三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。1DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.2.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.3.Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.(that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)1.Theletter(that/which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.2.Ican’tfindtheletterthat/whichcamethismorning.3.Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogether?（先行词作spend的宾语，不能用when。）4.Thehousethat/whichweliveinisnotlarge.=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.=Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.5.Thisisthemanthat/whohelpedme.6.Thedoctorthat/whom/whoyouarelookingforisintheroom.五.which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词.1.Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.2.Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.(先行词在从句中作主语)3.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)=Theroomwherethereisamachineisaworkshop.(先行词在从句中作状语)4.Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.(先行词在从句中作inlive宾语)=Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.(先行词在从句中作live的状语)5.Thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.（二）:不论是人/物都只能用that的情况△（ⅰ）:在there+be的句型中，主句的主语是先行词，而且又是物。1.TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要读的有两本小说。2.Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.没有什么工作现在能做的了。△（ⅱ）:当先行词为主句的表语1.Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.这就是昨天买的书。•2.Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.•△(ⅲ):以Hereis(are)开头的句子时。•1.Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。•2.HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.这是我要买的两本书。(ⅳ):当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者inwhich，在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。1.Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。2.Sheadmired(羡慕)thewayinwhichIansweredthequestions(*ⅴ).在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。1.HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。2.Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.△(ⅵ).当先行词被thelast,*thevery和theonly修饰时。1.ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。2.TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我唯一想看的书不见了。3.Thelaststudentthatcameinishertwinbrother.(*Ⅶ).在强调句子中，并且以who,which,what开头时。1.Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是谁迷路了？2.Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?你上周究竟做什么了？(△Ⅷ).当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。1.YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.你是我要见的第一个人。2.ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.这是我写的第二本书(△Ⅸ).当先行词为anything、everything、nothing、anybody、nobody、all,或被all、every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修饰时，但用something时，用which或者that均可1.EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。2.Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.3.ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。4.Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值的看的书吗？(△Ⅹ).当先行词既指人又指物时。1.TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.2.Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.(△Ⅺ).当先行词是疑问代词who时。Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？Ⅳ：关系副词的用法：（一）.由when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。1.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.(介词＋which可以代替when)3.I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.4.Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.做spent的宾语。•思考：两个句中的关系词能否互换？为什么？(二).由where引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。1.Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.2.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.•(介词＋which可以代替where)4.Thisisaplacewhich/thatIwantedtovisit.5.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.•思考：四个句中的关系词能否互换？为什么？•（三）.Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。1.Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.(for＋which可以代替why)2.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathewasill.Ⅴ关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。1.ThestudentwhoisgoodatEnglishstudieshard.2.ThestudentswhoaregoodatEnglishstudyhard.Ⅵ.定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.*②非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且：△非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。ThiswastheAmericanCivilWar,whichlasted4yearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.•注意带*号的为选学内容。•Thankyouforreading.