英语交际教学法课件

CommunicativeLanguageTeaching(CLT)1DefinitionBackgrounds23Theoreticalbasis4Basicprinciples5Advantagesanddisadvantages6Activities7SummaryContents1.Definition1.1.Communicativeapproachreferstothetheoryofteachingaccordingtotheprinciplethatthestudentsandteachersshouldgenuinelycommunicatewitheachotherusingthetargetlanguage.1.2.TheCommunicativeApproachisanapproachtoforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhichemphasizesthatthegoaloflanguagelearningiscommunicativecompetence.1.DefinitionCoreLanguageisatooltoCommunicat-ewithothersCommunicativefunctionsGivestudentsarealenvironment2.BackgroundOrigins:changesintheBritishlanguageteachingtraditiondatingfromthelate1960s.BritishappliedlinguistsbegantocallintoquestionthetheoreticalassumptionsunderlyingSituationalLanguageTeaching.NoamChomsky:SyntacticStructures(1957)currentstandardstructuraltheoriesoflanguage---incapabletoaccountthecreativitiyanduniquenessofindividualsentences.Britishappliedlinguists:emphasizeonthefunctionalandcommunicativepotentialoflanguage.E.g.ChristopherCandlinandHenryWiddowson:Britishfunctionallinguists;Americanworkinsociolinguistics;workinphilosophy.Approach•TheoryofLanguageTheCommunicativeApproachinlanguageteachingstartsfromatheoryoflanguageascommunication.ThegoaloflanguageteachingistodevelopwhatHymesreferredtoas“communicativecompetence.”3.Theoreticalbasis3.1Chomsky’stheoryLinguistictheoryisconcernedprimarilywithanidealspeaker-listenerinacompletelyhomogeneousspeechcommunity,whoknowsitslanguageperfectlyandisunaffectedbysuchgrammaticallyirrelevantconditionsasmemorylimitation,distractions,shiftsofattentionandinterest,anderrors(randomorcharacteristic)inapplyinghisknowledgeofthelanguageinactualperformance.3.2Hymes’view(1972)Apersonwhoacquirescommunicativecompetenceacquiresbothknowledgeandabilityforlanguageusewithrespectto:•1.whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisformallypossible•2.whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisappropriate(adequate,happy,successful)inrelationtoacontextinwhichitisusedandevaluated.•3.whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisappropriate(adequate,happy,successful)inrelationtoacontextinwhichitisusedandevaluated.•4.whether(andtowhatdegree)somethingisinfactdone,actuallyperfomed,andwhatitsdoingentails4.PrinciplesAsfaraslearningtheoryisconcerned,neitherBrumfitandJohnsonnorLittlewood,forexample,offersanydiscussion.However,severalprinciplescanbegeneralizedasfollows:1.thecommunicativeprinciple:Activitiesthatinvolverealcommunicationpromotelearning.2.thetaskprinciple:Activitiesinwhichlanguageisusedforcarryingoutmeaningfultaskspromotelearning(Johnson1982).3.themeaningfulnessprinciple:Languagethatismeaningfultothelearnersupportsthelearningprocess.5.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcommunicativeapproach5.1Advantages•⑴Widerconsiderationsofwhatisappropriateandwhatisaccurate•⑵Widerrangeoflanguage•⑶Realisticandmotivatinglanguagepractice•⑷Drawingonlearners’knowledgeandexperience5.2Disadvantages1⑴Difficulttotailorsyllabustostudents’needs2(2)Fossilizationoflearners’errorsBACK3⑶UnclearabouthowrulesofusecanbetaughtActivities•Whatteachersandstudentsshoulddoinacommunicativeclass?Forcommunicativeactivitiestotakeplace,theteacherneedstostartfromcontrolledstructuralactivitiestosocialproblemsolvingactivities.•provideopportunitiesforactivecommunicativeinteractionamongstudents•makelanguagelearningmeaningfulforthestudents•encouragethestudentstouseEnglishinanauthenticcontextActivity:Inthebookstore•ForSellers:•1.CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?•2.Thismodel’slessexpensivethanthatone.But,ofcourse,it’snotasgoodastheexpensiveone.•3.Howdoyoulikethesebooks?•4.You’llfindourbooks(are)thebestamongothers.•5.Itcomestotwohundredandfiftyyuan.•6.Just10yuaneach.Asteal!•7.Couldyougoupalittle?8.Youdriveahardbargain,20yuan,andthat’smyfinaloffer.……•ForBuyers:•1.Howmuchisit?/Howmuchdoesitcost?/Whatistheprice?•2.Iwanttofindabook.•3.Look,there’ssomethingwrongwithit.•4.Givemeadiscount./Isthereanydiscount?•5.Wow,too/prettyexpensive.Couldyougodownalittle?•6.Don’ttrytoripmeoff.Iknowwhatthisisworth.•7.Givemetherealprice,boss.•8.I’llgiveyouhalfthatprice.……Summary:Altogether,CLTisbestconsideredanapproachratherthanamethod.Itreferstoadiversesetofprinciplesthatreflectacommunicativeviewoflanguageandlanguagelearningandthatcanbeusedtosupportawidevarietyofclassroomprocedures.Thankyousomuch!