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Lecturer:GaoZhijuan1.1概述第一篇专业英语基础第1章绪论1.课程教学目的培养学生对专业语言的理解能力和应用能力;让学生承担专业阅读必需的基本技能和知识,使学生能够以英语为工具获取专业科技知识及其他与专业有关的信息。2.专业英语的起源最初出现于20世纪50年代。3.专业英语的教学特点语言教学密切结合专业知识,教材大都来源于相关的专业文献。4.专业英语的学习方法专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的方法也所不同,专业英语阅读要把准确理解放在首位,在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速度。和其他的英语能力一样,专业英语阅读能力,需要通过长期的实践才能获得,不可能一蹴而就,多读多练是提高专业英语阅读能力的最有效的方法。1.2专业英语的基本特点为了了解专业英语的特点,我们先阅读下面一段关于地下水的文献。Ground-waterhydrologyisthesubdivisionofthescienceofthehydrologythatdealswiththeoccurrence,movement,andqualityofwaterbeneaththeEarth'ssurface.Itisinterdisciplinaryinscopeinthatitinvolvestheapplicationofthephysical,biological,andmathematicalsciences.Itisalsosciencewhosesuccessfulapplicationisofcriticalimportancetothewelfareofmankind.Becauseground-waterhydrologydealswiththeoccurrenceandmovementofwaterinanalmostinfinitelycomplexsubsurfaceenvironment,itis,initmostadvancedstate,oneofthemostcomplexofthesciences.•Ontheotherhand,manyofitsbasicprinciplesandmethodscanbeunderstoodreadilybynonhydrologistsandusedbytheminthesolutionofground-waterproblems.Thepurposeofthisreportistopresentthesebasicaspectsofground-waterhydrologyinaformthatwillencouragemorewidespreadunderstandinganduse.1.在文章结构方面,逻辑严谨,层次分明,复杂长句多;2.在用词方面,必然要用到专业术语和专业单词,以及词性变换多;3.在语法方面,非谓语动词多,较多地使用被动语态;4.另一个重要特点是采用图表等非语言因素表达思想。可以得出专业英语的特点:★复杂长句多■语法分析■符合汉语习惯■以短代长、化难为易Factorieswillnotbuymachinesunlesstheybelievethatthemachinewillproducegoodsthattheyareabletoselltoconsumersatapricethatwillcoverallcost.Thereisanincreasingbeliefintheideathatthe“problemsolvingattitude”oftheengineermustbebuttressed(维持,支持,支撑)notonlybytechnicalknowledgeand“scientificanalysis”butthattheengineermustalsobeawareofeconomicsandpsychologyand,perhapsevenmoreimportant,thathemustunderstandtheworldaroundhim.★词性转换多英语单词有不少是多性词,如:Above■介词:aboveall(things)■形容词:fortheabovereason■副词:as(hasbeen)indicatedabove■副词:travellightlightcome,lightgoLight■名词:inthelightof由于,根据highlight(s)强光,精华safetylight安全指示灯■形容词:lightindustrylightroomlightblue★非谓语动词多■动名词■分词:现在分词和过去分词■不定式例句:Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning要成为一个名副其实的内行,需要学到老。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。★被动语态多科技英语1/3以上用被动句,但译成汉语不一定用被动语态例句:■Noworkcanbedonewithoutenergy没有能量决不能做功■Allsortsofnecessariesoflifecanbemadeofplastics■Automobilesmaybemanufacturedwithcomputer-drivenrobotsorputtogetheralmosttotallybyhand.Paragraph1---1•“Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouearn,”saidthepopsingerCyndiLauperassheacceptedherhighschooldiploma----attheageof35!AlthoughCyndiLaupermadeitwithoutahighschooldegree,mostpeopledon’t.译文Paragraph1---2•IntheU.S.A.today,about75%ofjobsrequiresomeeducationortechnicaltrainingbeyondhighschooldegrees;collegegraduatesoutearnthosewithoutacollegeeducation;peoplewithmaster’sdegreesoutearnthosewithonlyabachelor’s;andthehighestincomesofallareearnedbypeoplewithadvanceddegrees.译文Paragraph1---3•However,morediplomasdon’talwaysmeanmoremoney.Manyskilledblue-collarworkers,salespeople,businessexecutives,andentrepreneursoutearncollegeprofessorsandscientificresearchers.Andgreatathletesandentertainersoutearneveryoneelse!译文Paragraph2•Butacollegeeducationisnotonlypreparationforacareer;itisalso(orshouldbe)preparationforlife.Inadditiontocoursesintheirmajorfieldofstudy,moststudentshavetimetotakeelectivecourses.Theymaytakeclassesthathelpthemunderstandmoreabouthumannature,government,thearts,sciences,orwhateverelseintereststhem.译文Paragraph3---1•Goingtocollege,eitherfull-timeorpart-time,isnaturallybecomingthenextstepafterhighschool.Today,morethanhalfofAmericanhighschoolgraduatesenrollincollege.Butrecenthighschoolgraduatesnolongerdominatethecollegecampuses.Today,itisquitecommonforadultsofallagestocomebacktocollegeeitherforcareeradvancementorpersonalgrowth.译文Paragraph3---2•By1992,abouthalfofallAmericancollegestudentswillbeolderthan25and20%ofthemwillbeover35.Servingthisgreatvarietyofpeopleareabout3,400collegesanduniversitiesenrollingmorethan12millionstudents.译文Paragraph4---1•AmericanfaithinthevalueofeducationisshownbytherisingnumberofAmericanswhohaveatleastabachelor’sdegree.About20%ofAmericansarecollegegraduates.However,amongyoungeradultsandworkingpeople,thepercentageisatleast25%,muchhigherthaninmostothermajornations.译文Paragraph4---2•IntheU.S.A.,acollegeeducationisnotviewedasaprivilegereservedforthewealthyortheacademicallytalented.Almosteveryonewhowantstoattendcollegecandoso.译文段落1---1•“你学得越多,就会挣得越多”,这是流行歌星辛迪.劳帕在她35岁获得高中毕业证书时说过的一句话。辛迪没有高中文凭也能挣很多钱,这是大多数人不可能做到的。英文段落1---2•在当今美国,75%的工作都需要高中以上文凭或特殊的职业训练;大学毕业生比没有受过大学教育的人收入高;有硕士学位的人比只有学士学位的人收入高;而且收入最高的往往都是那些有高学历的人。英文段落1---3•然而,文凭多并不意味着能挣更多的钱。许多有技术的蓝领工人、商人、企业主管和企业家都比大学教授和科研人员挣得多,而著名运动员和演艺人员的收入之高则无人可及!英文段落2•大学教育不仅是为将来所从事的职业做准备,而且(也应该)是为未来的生活做准备。除了所选的专业课程外,大多数学生还有时间上选修课。他们会选一些能帮助他们更多地了解人性、政治制度、艺术、科学或任何他们感兴趣的课程。英文段落3---1•上大学,无论是全日制还是业余,自然而然地成了高中毕业后的下一个目标。目前,有超过一半的美国高中毕业生在上大学,但应届高中毕业生已不再垄断大学校园。为提高业务素质或自身修养,各种年龄层次的人重返大学校园学习已是相当普遍的现象。英文段落3---2•到1992年,大约有一半美国大学生的年龄会大于25岁,其中20%会超过35岁。近3400所高校将为这些不同年龄层次的人服务,注册学生超过1200万。英文段落4---1•美国拥有学士以上的学位的人数在不断上升,这体现了美国人对教育价值的推崇。大约20%的美国人是大学毕业生,但在年轻人和在职人员中,这一比例至少为25
本文标题:专业英语1
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