PRAAT语音分析软件使用教程(英文版)Using Praat for Linguistic Res

UsingPraatforLinguisticResearchWillStylerUniversityofColoradoatBoulderPhoneticsLabDocumentVersion:1.3.6LastUpdate:October2,2013Important!Thisdocumentwillbecontinuallyupdatedandimproved.Downloadthelatestversionat:ficsofthislicense,gotofiles.........................95.2SavingFiles...........................................96PhoneticMeasurementandAnalysisinPraat96.1WorkingwithPraatWaveformsandSpectrograms...................96.1.1Pullingoutasmallersectionofthefileforanalysis..............116.2AdjustingtheSpectrogramsettings............................116.2.1Narrowbandvs.BroadbandSpectrograms...................126.3MeasuringDuration.....................................136.3.1MeasuringVoiceOnsetTime(VOT).......................136.4ExaminingandmeasuringF0/Pitch............................146.4.1MeasuringF0fromasinglecycle.........................146.4.2ViewingPitchviaanarrowbandspectrogram.................146.4.3UsingPraat’sPitchTracking............................156.4.4ImprovingPitchtrackingbychangingthePitchSettings...........156.4.5Scriptingonly:CreatingaPitchObject.....................176.4.6GettingMaximum,Minimum,andAveragepitchforasectionofspeech.176.5MeasuringPulses,Jitter,Shimmer,andHarmonics-to-noiseratio..........176.6MeasuringFormants.....................................186.6.1UsingtheFormanttoolsintheEditorwindow.................186.6.2ImprovingFormantFindingresults........................196.6.3ScriptingOnly:FormantObjects.........................216.7MeasuringIntensity/Amplitude..............................216.8WorkingwithSpectra....................................226.9Takingaspectralslice....................................226.10MeasuringHarmonicAmplitude,Frequency.......................2326.11MeasuringCreakinessandBreathinessusingSpectralTilt..............236.12MeasuringNasalityusingA1-P0..............................246.13MeasuringSpectralCenterofGravity...........................257CreatingandmanipulatingsoundFilesinPraat277.1CreatingsoundsfromFormula...............................277.2Cropping,Copying,SplicingandPasting.........................287.3SamplingratesandResampling..............................297.4FilteringSounds........................................307.4.1Low-passfiltering..................................307.4.2High-passfiltering..................................317.4.3Band-pass(notch)filtering.............................317.5PitchManipulation(ToManipulation...).........................327.6Matchingthepitchtracksoftwosounds.........................327.7ManipulatingDuration(SlowingDownandSpeedingUpSounds).........347.8MatchingIntensity......................................357.9CombiningSounds......................................357.10FormulaModification:Waveformaddition,subtractionandsomuchmore....367.11SynthesizingSoundsfromscratch.............................397.12Source-FilterVowelResynthesis..............................398Exportingimagesforuseandpublication418.1CreatingComplexDisplays.................................438.1.1OverlayingPlots...................................438.1.2MultiplePlotsinthePictureWindow......................449AnnotatingSoundFiles(PraatTextGrids)4410UsingLogFiles4911ScriptinginPraat5011.1WhatisPraatscripting?...................................5011.1.1Praat’sscriptingtutorials..............................5211.1.2Praatscriptsvs.Editorscripts...........................5211.2WorkingwithScripts.....................................5311.2.1OpeningandrunningaPraatscript.......................5311.2.2Making(andremoving)MenuShortcutsforscripts..............5411.3Creatinganewscript.....................................5611.3.1Usingothertexteditors...............................5611.3.2Filenames.......................................5711.3.3HowtomagicallywriteaPraatscript(usingthePraathistoryfunction)5711.3.4Writingyourfirstsingle-commandscript....................59311.3.5ScriptswithVariables................................6011.4AboutthePraatScriptingLanguage............................6211.4.1’for’loops.......................................6211.4.2’if’statements.....................................6311.4.3Forms..........................................6411.4.4Commentedlines(#)................................6611.4.5Usefultips.......................................6711.4.6EverythingElse....................................6811.5IndefenseofCodeCannibali