基于PLC的智能门控制

安徽机电职业技术学院毕业论文基于PLC自动门控制的设计系别电气工程系专业机电一体化班级机电3114姓名邵李宾学号1302113235指导老师黄金霖汤德荣2013～2014学年第一学期2基于PLC自动门控制系统的设计摘要自动门在人们的日常生活中已经得到了广泛的应用，同时人们对其性能和安全等方面的要求也越来越高。由于PLC的高稳定性和对环境较强的适应能力，使得PLC在自动门控制装置中的应用也日益广泛。本文围绕自动门控制系统展开研究。首先分析了国内外自动门发展的趋势和所采用的技术，然后对PLC系统作了简要说明。并按照自动门控制装置的要求，设计了相应的梯形图文件，实现了自动门由检测到开启、计时等待、关闭的全过程。本设计主要的工作原理是通过信号采集装置判定有无人经过并将信号转换成开关量信号传到PLC，PLC根据开关信号来控制变频器的开停和速度的变换，在由传动装置带动门运动随着PLC不断的更新，PLC控制已成为自动控制中最常见的方式之一，由于可编程控制器可以很简单的改变控制方式。并且，PLC具有较高的稳定性、可靠性、维修方便等优点。还具有良好的处理自动门开关控制及良好的稳定性，因此，此设计以PLC为基础，以传感器为感应装置，电动机为动力单元，从而达到设计的要求。关键词：PLC可编程控制器自动门传感器设计原理工作原理3目录PLC自动门控制系统··························2摘要································2前言··························5第一章自动门的概述····················61.1自动门简介····················································································61.2自动门的国内外发展现状·······························································61.3本课题研究的内容···········································································61.3.1自动门类型的选择····················71.3.2自动门硬件系统的设计·················71.3.3自动门的软件设计···················71.4本课题研究的背景和意义································································7第二章PLC的概述·····················92.1PLC的定义·····················································································92.2PLC的产生背景··············································································92.3PLC控制系统简介··········································································102.4PLC的基本结构及原理···································································112.5PLC的特点····················································································112.6PLC的选型原则···········································································11第三章自动门控制系统的整体方案·············133.1设计流程·······················································································133.2自动门的功能需求分析···································································133.3自动门的控制要求··········································································133.4自动门技术参数·············································································143.5自动门具体构成·············································································14第四章硬件设计····················164.1可编程控制器的选型······································································1644.2驱动装置的选型·············································································164.3感应器件的选型·············································································164.4行程开关(限位开关)的工作原理····················································174.5传动装置······················································································17第五章自动门控制系统软件的设计··············185.1PLC梯形图概述···········································································185.2自动门工作流程如下：···································································185.3自动门控制系统原理图···································································195.4工作过程的分析·············································································195.5梯形图的设计················································································21自动门I/O地址分配表·········································································215.6过程分析····················21总结·························22谢辞·························24参考文献······························255前言在经济与科技飞速发展的中国，自动门在人们的生活中的运用越来越广泛,在一些正式的公共场合自动门已经随处可见。自动门的工作方式是通过自动门内外两侧的感应开关来感应人的出入，当内外有人走近自动门时感应开关感应到有人的存在，给控制器一个开门信号，控制器通过驱动装置将门打开,计时，在人通过之后，再将门关上。由于自动门在通电后可以实现无人管理，给我们的日常生活带来很多的好处,比如进出方便、节约空调能源、还有利于人力资源的节省,更令我们的大门增添了不少高贵典雅的气息,也显示了一个国家的发展。自动门最早应用在国外，目前在我国也以优异的性能逐步得到大家的认同，自动门在中国正走向发展的黄金时期。控制装置性能决定自动门性能的优劣，早期的自动门控制系统采用继电器逻辑控制,造成安装繁琐,不稳定，不易维修，体积大等缺点已经逐渐被淘汰。目前自动门及其自动化行业最稳定的行业是PLC，它是一种专门为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。它采用可以编制程序的存储器，用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序运算、计时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并能通过数字式或模拟式和开关量的逻辑控制的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。目前它在机械制造、自动化、石油化工、冶金钢铁、汽车、轻化工等领域的应用都得到了长足的发展。运用PLC控制自动门具有较高的可靠性、稳定性，维修方便等优点。由此看来，进行自动门的PLC控制系统设计,可以推动自动门行业的发展，扩大PLC在自动门行业乃至整个自动化行业的应用，具有很好的发展前景。自动门根据使用的场合及功能的不同可分为自动平移门、自动平开门、自动旋转门、自动圆弧门、自动折叠门等，其中平开门用的场合较少，旋转门由于昂贵而且非常庞大，一般只使用于高档酒店宾馆，自动平移门使用的最广泛，大家一般所说的自动门、感应门就是指自动平移门，目前市场上流行的平移型自动门一般是两开，这种门的特点是简单易控，维护方便。本文所研究的对象就是自动平移门。本课题主要介绍运用PLC-200为控制器的自动门控制系统的设计，本课题开发的产品对许多场合都能适用，并满足了自动门的基本要求，还可以保证自动门的稳定性。研究本课题意味着产品成本的下降，效益提高，因此是一个比较实用且经济的产品。6第一章自动门的概述1.1自动门简介自动门英文名：automaticdoor。自动门从理论上理解应该是门概念的延伸，是门的功能根据人的需要所进行发展和完善。自动门是指：可以将人或物接近门的动作或某种入门授权，转换为开门信号，通过驱动系统将门开启，在人离开后在将门自动关闭，对门的开启和关闭的过程实现控制的系统。在二十世纪年以后，自动门开始在建筑物上使用。二十年代后期美国的超级市场的开放，受此影响，自动门开始被使用，世界第一自动门品牌多玛在1945年开发出油压式、空气式自动门，新建大楼的正门也开始使用了。到了1962年，电气式已开始出现，之后伴随着城市的建设，自动门技术的领域每年都在增加。当初，用供给建筑物用电源进行电动机的速度控制很难，只好进行油压、空压速度控制，转换但因能源利用效率很低，然而伴随着电气控制的技术发展,现在电气控制技术已经成熟，直接控制电动机的电气式自动门逐渐成为主流。例如：各种用可识别控制的自动专用门，如:感应自动门（红外感应,微波感应,触摸感应,脚踏感应）、刷卡自动门等。1.2自动门的国内外发展现状在国外,进入90年代以来，自动化技术已经很成熟，技术发展很快，并取得了惊人的成就，自动门是自动化技术的典型代表。在现在人们生活中自动门可以节约空调能源、防尘、防风、降低噪音、同时可以使出入口显得很庄重高档，因此应用非常广泛。随着我国经济和科技水平的飞速发展，自动门在人们的生活中的运用越来越广泛，自动门适用于各种大型公共场所。但在国内，自动门的自主研发技术尚不成熟。在自动门控制系统设计中，稳定、节能、环保、安全及人性化是需要首先考虑的因素。自动平移门最常见的形式是自动门内外两侧加感应器，当人走进门时，感应器感应到人的存在，给PLC控制器一个开门信号，控制器通过驱动装置将门