毕业设计___锅炉自动控制系统

本科生毕业设计（论文）1摘要锅炉是国民经济中主要的供热设备之一。电力、机械、冶金、化工、纺织、造纸、食品等工业和民用采暖都需要锅炉供给大量的蒸汽。各种工业的生产性质与规模不同，工业和民用采暖的规模大小不尽相同。锅炉是供热之源，锅炉及其设备的任务在于安全，可靠，有效把燃料的化学能转化成热能，进而将热能传递给水，以生产热水和蒸汽。为了生产工艺有特殊要求外，所生产的热水不需要过高温的压力和温度，容量也无需很大。随着现代工业技术的飞速发展，对能源利用率的要求越来越高。锅炉作为将一次能源转化为二次能源的重要设备之一，其控制和管理的水平也日趋提高。但在我国，大部分锅炉还采用仪表和继电器控制，甚至人工操作，已无法满足生产需求。因此，对锅炉控制系统采用先进的控制技术，不仅能够保证安全生产，而且能够节能增效，具有很好的市场发展空间和投资收益前景。本论文的主要方向就是采用PLC对工业锅炉进行控制。介绍了工业锅炉的系统组成及选择的控制系统，在设计中主要有水位检测、温度检测、压力检测、水泵的自动/手动控制等几部分组成来实现锅炉的自动控制系统。并且采用MCGS组态软件设计监控画面。采用PID控制算法，已达到优化技术指标，提高经济效益和社会效益，提高劳动生产率，节约能源，改善劳动条件，保护环境卫生，提高市场竞争能力的作用。关键字：锅炉；PLC；PID；MCGS组态软件；本科生毕业设计（论文）2AbstractBoileristhenationaleconomyoneofthemainheatingequipment.Electrical,mechanical,metallurgical,chemical,textile,paper,foodandotherindustrialandcommercialheatingneedstosupplyalotofsteamboilers.Variousindustriesofdifferentnatureandscaleofproduction,industrialandcivilvarythesizeofheating.Boileristhesourceofheat,boileranditsequipment'smissionissafe,reliableandeffectiveconversionofthefuel'schemicalenergyintoheatenergy,thustheheattransferwatertoproducehotwaterandsteam.Inordertohaveaspecialproductionprocessrequirements,theproductionofhotwaterwithoutthepressureandtemperature,capacity,andwithoutgreat.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernindustrialtechnology,energyefficiencyhavebecomeincreasinglydemanding.Theboilerastheprimaryenergyintosecondaryenergyisoneoftheimportantequipment,thecontrolandmanagementlevelsisrising.ButinChina,mostoftheboileralsousesinstrumentsandrelays,orevenmanually,beenunabletomeetproductionneeds.Therefore,theboilercontrolsystemusesadvancedcontroltechnology,notonlytoensuresafetyinproduction,butalsoenergyefficiency,withgoodmarketprospectsfordevelopmentandinvestmentincome.ThemaindirectionofthispaperistheuseofPLCcontrolforindustrialboilers.Describesthecompositionofindustrialboilersystemsandthechoiceofcontrolsystem,mainlyinthedesignwaterleveldetection,temperaturedetection,pressuretesting,waterpumpauto/manualcontrolseveralcomponentstoachievetheautomaticboilercontrolsystem.MCGSconfigurationsoftwaredesignandusingthemonitorscreen.PIDcontrolalgorithmusedhasbeentooptimizethetechnicalspecificationstoimprovetheeconomicandsocialbenefits,improvelaborproductivity,saveenergy,improveworkingconditions,protecttheenvironmentandhealth,improvethemarketcompetitivenessoftherole.Keywords:boiler;PLC;PID;MCGSconfigurationsoftware;本科生毕业设计（论文）3目录第1章绪论.............................................................................................................................................11.1选题背景及意义................................................................................................................................11.2锅炉控制技术的研究现状及发展.....................................................................................................21.2.1国内外研究现状............................................................................................................................21.2.2控制技术的发展趋势...................................................................................................................2第2章锅炉的基本构造及其工作原理..................................................................................................42.1概述...................................................................................................................................................42.2锅炉的基本构造...............................................................................................................................42.3锅炉的工作原理及工作过程...........................................................................................................52.3.1燃料的燃烧过程...........................................................................................................................62.3.2烟气向水的传热过程...................................................................................................................62.3.3水的汽化过程...............................................................................................................................6第3章锅炉控制系统及其选择的控制方式..........................................................................................83.1蒸汽温度控制系统...........................................................................................................................83.2蒸汽压力控制系统...........................................................................................................................83.3汽包液位控制系统...........................................................................................................................93.4炉膛负压控制系统.........................................................................................................................103.5串级控制系统的参数整定.............................................................................................................113.6串级控制系统的控制算法.............................................................................................................12第4章锅炉自动控制系统的硬件设计................................................................................................144.1总体设计思路..........................