您好,欢迎访问三七文档
1/7初中英语语法中考精品总复习教案—虚拟语气1)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。2)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。1.真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:句型条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如:Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果他来,会带小提琴来的。典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2.非真实条件句1)虚拟语气可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。a.与现在事实相反的假设条件从句主句2/7一般过去时(be用were)should(would)等+动词原形例如:Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。含义:Theyarenothere,theycan’thelpyou.b.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)等+have+过去分词例如:Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.c.表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句主句一般过去时should/would等+动词原形were+不定式should+动词原形例如:Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你将来成功了,一切都会好的。Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义:Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.3.混合条件句有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。3/74.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo,而不能说Weren'tItodo。5.特殊的虚拟语气词should1)在主语从句中的应用Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原形,should可省略。Itis可用的词有三类that(should)dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等4/7apity,ashame,nowonder等2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do等。例如:Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他要求被派到那儿去。注意:如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错:(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。例如:Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。6.wish的用法1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:主句从句从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为were)现在时过去时5/7从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had+过去分词)过去时过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形例如:IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2)wishtodo;wishsb/sthtodo。例如:Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我希望见一见经理。Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)我希望经理能马上得到消息。7.比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示只有;ifonly则表示如果……就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。例如:Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。8.Itis(high)timethatItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。例如:Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.孩子们该睡觉了。Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.9.need不必做和本不必做didn'tneedtodo表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn'thavedone表示过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。例如:JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.6/7约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车。)典型例题Therewasplentyoftime.She___.A.mustn'thavehurriedB.couldn'thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried答案D。needn'thavedone.意为本不必,即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。Mustn'thavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn'thavedone,不可能已经。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般现在时)。虚拟语气专练1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlieryou_____him.A.come,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.come,willmeetD.hadcome,wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen7/76.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlierthepoorchildwouldnot_____.A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours7.IwishthatI_____withyoulast
本文标题:初中语法之虚拟语气
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4312046 .html