国外乡村社区变迁研究概述-陈晓华-(2)

200710Oc.t,2007235JournalofWestAnhuiUniversityVo.l23NO.5国外乡村社区变迁研究概述陈晓华1,2,张小林2(1.池州学院资源环境与旅游系,安徽池州247000;2.南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210097):自19世纪90年代开始在美国开展乡村社区研究以来,乡村社区一直受到社会学地理学和乡村人类学等学科的关注各学科都对乡村社区的概念内涵乡村社区的变迁及其机制等进行了广泛深入的研究在理论研究上形成了乡村城市化理论城乡连续体(统)乡村社会变迁的时空模型等理论体系研究尺度上从中观层次的乡村地域研究向大尺度宏观研究和针对要素的微观机理分析转变国外乡村社区及其变迁研究的经验理论与方法对于我国乡村社区研究具有很强的借鉴意义:乡村;乡村社区;乡村社区类型;乡村社区变迁;国外:C912.8:A:1009-9735(2007)05-0114-05*/0,#(FerdinandTo&nnies)56(CommunityandSociety)(1887),,,,,,[1],,1894,(C.R.Hendeson)/0,1915(C.F.Galpin)/0(Thesocialanatomyofagriculturalcommun-ity),[2],1?,,,,,,[3](1)(2)(To&nnies),,(3)(4),,22.1乡村社区概念#M##J#/,0,[4],114*:2007-10-09:(2007KJ218):(1964-),,,,,:;(1966-),,,,,:,,/0,,[5],,[6],Liepins/0,/0,,,[7]R.J.56:,,[8]2.2乡村社区类型划分#M##J#56,[4],(rurality),(thepreservedcountryside)(thecontestedcou-ntryside)(thepaternalisticcountry-side)(theclientelistcountryside)[9]Mitchell(1951),,[10]Thorns(1968),,,Thorns(1973)[11],,3,,/0,[4],GillValentineJohnCater,TrevorJones,[5,12]3.1变迁中乡村社会面临的问题,,,,;[12]3.2乡村社区变迁的影响因素,[13-20]:(1),,,;(2)/0,,,,,,;(3);(4);(5)3.3乡村持续发展2070,,,[21]80,/0,/0(sustainableagriculture,SA)19914/0/0(SustainableAgricultureandRuralDevelopmen,tSARD)[22](),,KathrynScott,/0,/0,115[23];MacKenzie,A.F.D.[24]3.4都市村庄研究(Pah,l1965),#(L.Louis),1936,,,,[25],,,,(Fried-mann,1973),,(J.E.Alvrez,1983):(1);(2),;(3);(4),,,44.1城乡连续统,,,,,To&nnies(1887)Redfield(1941),,,,,(Jones,1973)(Rees,1951),Wirth(1938),,Frankenberg(1966),,,,25[10]4.2乡村社会变迁的/三维动力模型0PeterB.Nelson,/0[19],:Nelson,,,/0,(Janelle,1969;Harvey,1989)1970,,4.3乡村城市化理论,,[26](1)(JohanHein-richvonThunen)1826561909(A.Weber)56,1933(W.Christaller)561939(A.Lo&sch)56,,,;,,,,(2)--,,,,116/--0,,,,,,(3),1950(F.Perroux)/0,1957(G.Myrdal),/0,(A.D.Hirstchman)/0/0,,(4),,/0,,/0(),,,,,,4.4乡村聚落演化模式Plattaer:(1)(),,,(2),,,,,,,(3),(),,,[27]5,,,,,,,(Boyle,halfacree1998;ilbery,1998;Phillips,1998),(halfacree1998;Hill2002;Hetherington,2000),,,6,,/0,,,;;,(),;:[1](德)斐迪南#滕尼斯.共同体与社会)))纯粹社会学的基本概念[M].林荣远,译.北京:商务印书馆,1999.[2]黎熙元.现代社区概论[M].广州:中山大学出版社,1997.[3]JohnCater,TrevorJones.SocialGeography[M].London:EdwandArnold,1989.117[4](美)埃佛里特#M#罗吉斯,拉伯尔#J#伯德格.乡村社会变迁[M].王晓毅,王地宁,译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,1988.[5]GillValentine.SocialGeography-SpaceandSociety[M].Harlow:PearsonEducation,2001.[6]李晴,郑耀星.试论社区研究在社会地理学中的基础地位[J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(3):244-249.[7]LiepinsR.Exploringruralitythrough/community0:discour-sespracticesandspacesshapingAustralianandNewZealandrural/communities0[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2000(16):325-341.[8](英)R.J.约翰斯顿.人文地理学词典[Z].柴彦威,等,译.北京:商务印书馆,2004.[9]CaterJ,JonesT.SocialGeography:AnintroductiontoCon-temporaryIssues[M].London:EdwandArnold,1989:194-221.[10]MichaelPacione.RuralGeography[M].London:Harper&Row,1984.[11]RichandF.Lamb.TheExtentandFormofExurbanSprawl[J].GrowthandChangeJanuary1983,14(1):40-47.[12]JohnCater,TrevorJones.SocialGeography,Anintroduc-tiontoContemporaryIssues[M].London:EdwardArnold.1989.[13]JulesPretty.TheLivingLand:Agriculture,FoodandCommu-nityRegenerationinRuralEurope[M].London:EarthscanPublicationsLtd.,1998.[14]EtienneNe,lTonyBinns.Ruralself-reliancestrategiesinSouthAfrica:communityinitiativesandexternalsupportintheformerblackhomelands[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2000(16):367-377.[15]ReinhardBachleitner,AndreasH.Zins.CulturalTourisminRuralCommunities:TheResidents.Perspective[J].JournalofBusinessResearch,1999(44):199-209.[16]KevinO.Toole,NeilBurdess.Newcommunitygovernanceinsmallruraltowns:theAustralianexperience[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2004(20):433-443.[17]CecilyNei,lMarkkuTykkylainen.Localeconomicdevelop-ment:ageographicalcomparisonofruralcommunityrestruc-turing[M].Tokyo:UnitedNationsUniversityPress,1998.[18]PeterB.Nelson.RuralrestructuringintheAmericanWest:landuse,familyandclassdiscourses[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2001(17):395-407.[19]DannyMacKinnon.Ruralgovernanceandlocalinvolvement:assessingstate)))communityrelationsintheScottishHigh-lands[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2002(18):307-324.[20]JonathanMurdoch.Networksanewparadigmofruraldeve-lopment?JournalofRuralStudies,2000(16):407-419.[21]尚明瑞.农业与农村经济可持续发展理论研究述评[J].社会科学战线,2005,(4):267-273.[22]FAO.DenBurgManifestoandAgendaonSustainableAgr-iculturalandRuralDevelopment.CongressofAgricultureandEnvironment[M].Netherlands:CongressofAgricultureandEnvironmentDenBurg,1991.[23]KathrynScott,JuliePark,ChrisCocklin.From.sustainableruralcommunities.to.socialsustainability.:givingvoicetodiversityinMangakahiaValley,NewZealand[J],JournalofRuralStudies,2000,(16):433-446.[24]MacKenzie,A.F.D.Ontheedge:.community.and.sus-tainability.ontheIsleofHarris[J],OuterHebrides[J].ScottishGeographicalJourna,l2002,117(3):219-240.[25]H.Mayer.ASurveyofUrbanGeography[C].P.M.Haus-er,L.F.Schnore,ed.TheStudyofUrbanization.NewYork,1967.[26]郑弘毅.农村城市化研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1998.[27]张小林.乡村空间系统及其演变研究)))以苏南为例[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999.AnIntroductiontoChangesinForeignRuralCommunityCHENXiao-hua1,2,ZHANGXiao-lin2(1.DepartmentofResourceandEnvironmentalScience,ChizhouCollege,Chizhou247000,China;2.SchoolofGeographicalScience,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210046,China)Abstract:Thestudyofruralcommunityhasbeendrawnattentionfr