油管清洗新工艺及方法研究

i摘要在油田生产中使用的管具很多，包括油管、套管等等。油井作业结束后，油管和套管或多或少会沾满油污、水垢和氧化合物，影响下一次的使用。若继续使用，则会是油田生产时间增加而影响到经济效益。据考证，一个年产200万吨的小型油田，每年需要修复的油管约17万根，每根油管约500元，可以看出如果不修复，这将大大增加油田开发成本。油田开发过程中引入了油管等管具的清洗流程，从而提高其经济效益。油管的清洗方法也很多，主要的有加热清洗、化学剂清洗、物理清洗三大类。从以往的清洗经验得知，加热清洗和化学清洗对环境的影响很大且效率不高。为了改善清洗效率和质量，将高压水射流清洗技术引入了油田生产中。高压水射流清洗在清洗过程中，对环境没有污染，对污垢的清洗能力较强，是一项理想的新型清洗技术。在油田清洗中引入高压水射流清洗技术后，清洗时间明显缩短，清洗质量改善。本文将对高压水射流清洗技术的一系列流程进行研究，基本包括清洗理论的研究、水射流清洗工艺等方面。在充分理解其工作机理的基础上，找出影响水射流清洗的效率问题，并提出改善途径。通过合理匹配清洗系统参数，提高清洗效率和质量，并在计算流体流动力学（CFD）对所选参数的清洗效果进行模拟。模拟结果表明参数匹配基本合理，可以满足清洗要求。关键词：油管；油管清洗；高压水射流；清洗工艺；数值模拟AbstractInoilfieldhasusedinproduction,includingthetubecoiledmany,casing,etc.Aftertheoiloperation,tubingandcasingmoreorlessoily,scaleandoxygencompounds,affectingthenextuse.Ifyoucontinuetouse,itwillbetimetoincreaseoilproductionaffectstheeconomicbenefits.Accordingtoresearch,anannualoutputof2000000tonsofsmalloilfields,pipelineneedstoberepairedeveryyearabout17million,thepipelineofabout500yuaneach,canbeseenthatifnotrepaired,itwillgreatlyincreasetheoilfielddevelopmentcosts.Inoilfielddevelopmentprocesshasintroducedthepipetubecleaningprocess,thusimprovetheireconomicbenefits.Cleaningmethodisalsoalotoftubing,andtheyareheatedcleaning,chemicalcleaning,physicscleanthreecategories.Learnedfrompreviousexperienceofcleaning,washingandchemicalcleaningofheatingagreatimpactontheenvironmentandinefficient.Inordertoimprovetheefficiencyandquality,cleaningofhighpressurewaterjetcleaningtechnologyintroducedinoilfieldproduction.Highpressurewaterjetcleaninginthecleaningprocess,noenvironmentalpollution,dirtcleaningability,isanidealnewcleaningtechnology.Introducedintheoilfieldcleaninghighpressurewaterjetcleaningtechnology,cleaningtimewasshortenedtoimprovecleaningquality.Thisarticlewillhigh-pressurewaterjetcleaningtechnologytostudyaseriesofprocesses,thebasictheoreticalresearch,includingcleaning,waterjetcleaningprocessandsoon.Inthefullunderstandingbasedontheworkingmechanism,affectingwaterjetcleaningefficiency,andputforwardimprovingways.Throughtherationalmatchingcleaningsystemparameters,improvetheefficiencyandquality,andcleanincomputationalfluidflowmechanics(CFD)selectedparameterstosimulatethecleaningeffect.Simulationresultsshowthatthebasicparametersmatchingrational,cansatisfycleaningrequirements.Keywords:tubing;pipecleaning;highpressurewaterjetcleaningtechnology;numericalsimulationiii目录摘要........................................................................................................................................iAbstract..................................................................................................................................ii目录......................................................................................................................................iii1绪论....................................................................................................................................11.1目前国内外油管清洗现状.....................................................................................11.1.1国内现状......................................................................................................11.1.2国外现状......................................................................................................21.2目前油管清洗方法.................................................................................................21.2.1化学剂清洗技术..........................................................................................21.2.2中频感应加热清洗技术..............................................................................41.2.3高压水射流清洗技术.................................................................................51.2.4综合评价......................................................................................................51.3研究内容及研究思路.............................................................................................61.3.1研究内容......................................................................................................61.3.2研究思路......................................................................................................82高压水清洗技术理论........................................................................................................92.1高压水射流基础知识.............................................................................................92.1.1水的物理性质..............................................................................................92.1.2高压水射流..................................................................................................92.1.3水射流清洗机理........................................................................................112.2水射流结构...........................................................................................................123水射流清洗工艺..............................................................................................................143.1水射流清洗工艺...................................................................................................143.1.1移动式高压水射流清洗...................................