英美文学选读自学笔记_37页[1]

前言:配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,EnglishliteratureIOldEnglishLiterature----(450—1066)twogroups:religious–-onbiblicalthemes----TheDreamoftheRoodSecular----heroicage----Beowulf---aprotectorofpeople,fightagainstthenature.IIMedievalperiod---(1066---14thCentury)Fame:1066Normanconquest----threechanges—feudalismsystemestablished(politically)---CatholicChurch(Religiously)---French,Latin,English(co-existedlanguage)IncomparisonwitholdEnglishliterature:(1)widerrangeofsubjects(2)themesconcernedwiththepersonalsalvation(3)romancelove(4)thelanguageissimpleandstraightforward‘Theepicreflectsaheroicage,theromancereflectsachivalricone’骑士Chaucer:1titles:theEnglishHomer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry(fromTheCanterburyTales),2verse:TheCanterburyTalesfirstuse'heroiccouplet',realisticpictureofhistime,vividcharactersfromallworksofhislife,thecharactersarebothtypicalandindividual,hisideasistopursueearthlyhappiness,opposedasceticism禁欲主义,advocatehumanism,replacealliterativeversewithrhymedstanzas(古英语的押头韵变成中世纪的押尾韵)TheLegendofGoodWomenfirstuserhymed'heroiccouplet'TheRomauntoftheRoseoctosyllabic八音节诗3.novel:TroilusandCriseydethefirstmodernnovel.IIIRenaissance(14th—17th)Fame:①movefromfeudalistideastotheinterestofrisingbourgeoisie.②recoverfromcorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurchtothepurityoftheearthlychurch.England:thereignofHenryVIII-----England‘sGoldenAgeinliterature-----BiblesinEnglishinsteadofLatinreadableforcommonpeople--------literarygiants:Shakespeare,Spenser,JonsonSidney,Marlowe,Bacon,andDonneThetimeofTudos----changemonasteries修道院intoschoolsanduniversities------theEnglishRenaissanceflourishing-------firstintroducedprintingintoEnglandandtranslatedbooksinEnglish(byWilliamCaxton)Traitsofhumanisticpoetry:meter,rhyme,scheme,imageryandargumentshouldbecombinedtoframetheemotionaltheme.Poetrywastobeaconcentratedexerciseofthemind,ifcraftsmanshipandoflearning.Themostfamousdramatists:Shakesperar,BenJonson,andMarloweWriters:Wyatt(introducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland)Surrey(broughtinblankverse)Sidney(broughtinsestinaandterzarima)Marlowe(broughtmightylinestotheblankverse)Spenser(pastoralconvention)JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert(metaphysicalpoets)FrancisBacon(thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland)IEdmundSpensorFame:SpenserianStanza，thepoet’spoet(他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”，他被称为“诗人中之诗人”)选读TheFaerieQueene(Poem)contains12books,speaksof12virtuesoftheprivategentleman,eachofwhichtellsaknight.Arthur—theherosofheros---playsaroleineachofthe12majoradventures,serveasaunifyingelement.Thethemeis‘FierceWaresandfaithfulloves’.TheknightheresymbolizedtheChurch(Anglican),istheprotectorofUna(theVirgin).Unastandsforthetruereligion.QualitiesofSpensor’spoetry:1.aperfectmelody(musicsense)2.araresenseofbeauty3.asplendidimagination4.aloftymoralpurityandseriousness.5.adedicatedidealismII.ChristopherMarloweFame:beregardedas‘UniversityWits’.Perfectedtheblankverse,broughtstrongemotionintotheblankverse.HecreatedtheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition.(buthisverseisnotstrongindramaticconstructionandwomen‘scharactersareratherpale)Plays:Tamburlaine(thenameofanambitiousancientemperor.Herosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringkingthroughhisowneffort.Bydepictingsuchagreatking,MarlowvoicedthedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.)选读Dr.Faustus(Faustusislongingforknowledgeandfinallysellshissoulstotheevil.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness)TheJewofMaltaEdwardIIPoetry:thePassionateShepherdtoHisLove(Itdeprivesfromthepastoraltradition,inwhichtheshepherdenjoysanidealcountrylife,cherishingapureaffectionforhislove.)HeroandLeanderIII.WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)Background:frommerchant’sfamily.父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。他的戏剧分早期、中期，中晚期和晚期。（I，II，III，IV）.他的作品很多，影响很大。T:I．Fivehistoryplaysandfourcomedies.历史剧‘HenryVI,PartsI,II’(Itrevealsatroubledreigninthe15thcentury,ShakespearesmountedoverthelossofEnglishterritoriesinFrance.HecondemnstheWaroftheRoses,inwhichinnocentpeoplewerekilled)II．Fivehistoryplays,sixcomediesandtwotragedies喜剧：TheMerchantofVenice（anoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,praisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroine.,andShylockasanevilfigure）AMidsummerNight’sDreamTwelfthNightTheMerryWivesofWindsorMuchAdoAboutNothingasYoulikeit)悲剧：RomeoandJuliet(eulogizesthefaithfulnessofloveandspiritofpursuinghappiness,thoughatragedy,ispermeatedwithoptimisticspirit),JuliusCaesarIII．Hisgreatestfourtragedies(eachofthecharacters’sfatesiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Eachofthemhashisweaknessofnature.)HamletKingLearOthelloMacbeth选读Hamlet（thefirstofthegreatesttragedies,mostpopularplayonthestage.Ithasthequalitiesofa‘blood–and–thunder’thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath.Hamletisamelancholic优柔寡断prince,whoistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofrevenger.Shakespearescondemnsthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorrup