2014高考英语【牛津・江苏专用】全程复习方略配套课件： 写作点拨系列(四)段落写作之段落的展开

写作点拨系列（四）段落写作之段落的展开【核心点拨】段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种：按时间顺序展开、按空间顺序展开、按过程展开、举例等。1.按时间顺序展开在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。常用衔接词和短语首环节first,atfirst,firstofall,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith等。中间环节second,secondly,inthesecondplace,next,afterwards,afterthat,then,later,another,third,thirdly,stillanother,inaddition,besides,furthermore等。末环节lastly,atlast,finally,eventually,intheend等。2.按空间顺序展开空间顺序指按物体的空间位置(自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序)来展开段落。常用的衔接词和短语besituated/locatedin/on/at,besurroundedby,nextto,totheeast/south/west/northof,closeto,from...to...,above,over,under,below,between,across,opposite等。3.按过程展开描述涉及多个步骤，应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚，在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词“你”来表达。描述过程的常用衔接词和短语(1)Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...Finally...(2)First,Then,Next,Afterthis,Lastly...(3)Afterwards,Furthermore,Moreover,Inadditionto...4.举例举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句具体化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必须精选例子，要做到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。举例法常用的衔接词(1)介词短语：forexample,forinstance,bywayofexamples等。(2)形容词短语：suchas,such...as...等。(3)副词：as等。(4)动词短语：takeanexample,take...forexample,drawanexample等。【对点训练】下面有五篇短文，在段落的展开方面各有侧重，请补全句子并标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧。1.IwasfartoohappythatwemadeanappointmenttovisitBeijingtogether____________(下周末).HowIappreciatetheopportunitytobeyourguideinBeijing!ButI’mafraidwe’llhavetomakeit___________(下次),becauseI’llbemeetingmyuncleattheairport.HeisonbusinessfromAustralia,andwillbehome_______________(仅有两天).It’sararechancefornextweekendanothertimeforonlytwodaysourfamilytogetreunitedsincehelefthometenyearsago.Ihopeyou’llforgivemefornotkeepingmyword.Ifit’sconvenientforyou,wecanmakeit____________________(下下个周末),oryoumaymakethechoice,OK?答案：按时间顺序展开theweekendafternext2.Asamatteroffact,there’remanywaysforustodealwithourmentalproblems._________(首先),wecanturntoourteachersforhelp,includingourpsychologyteacher._______(其次),communicationisofvitalimportance.Whenwehaveatalkordiscussionaboutourproblemswithourfriendsorclassmates,wecanfeelgreatlyrelieved.______________(最后但同样重要的),weneedtodevelopapositiveattitudetowardsourstudiesandourlife.Wearingasmileisnotonlyasignoffriendlinessbutalsoacureforbadfeelings.答案：按过程展开FirstofallSecondLastbutnotleast3.Australia_______________________________(坐落在太平洋的西部).Itcoversanareaof7.6millionsquarekilometers.Ithasasmallpopulationofover10million.______________________________________________(多数人靠海生活在这个国家的东部).Canberra,thecapitalofAustralia,isabeautifulcity.SydneyisoneofthebiggestcitiesinAustralia.Ithasmanyplacesofinterest.TheOperaHouseisfamousthroughouttheworld.答案：按空间顺序展开liesonthewestofthePacificOceanMostofthemliveintheeastofthecountrybythesea4.Somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasachancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation,butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests.Studentshopingtobedoctors,___________(例如),couldlearnabouttheprofessionbyvolunteeringinahospital.答案：举例forexample5.Dearfriends,Doyouwanttoliveinabeautifulworld?Soitisourobligationtomaintaintheecologicalbalance.Tofulfillthistask,weshouldbearthefollowingecologicalcodesinmind.________________________________________(首先坚持步行去学校的习惯),andweshouldeatatleastfivekindsoffruitsandvegetablesaday.It’salsoimportanttorecycleeverythingrecyclableandcherishourschool’senvironmentbypickingupanylitterandturningoffthetapsandlights.________________________(让我们现在都采取行动)andcontributetotheprosperityofourmother—theearth.Thankyou!TheStudents’Union答案：按过程展开First,sticktothehabitofwalkingtoschoolLet’salltakeactionnow