爱默生课件

RalphWaldoEmerson（1803-1822）“AmericanConfucius”——AbrahamLincoln第一组：殷明雄、李雪云、殷惠敏、张艳、孙梳Page2目录TheliteratureofAmericanRomanticismAnintroductiontoRalphWaldoEmersonPoetry:TheRhodoraAppreciationofhismajorworksPage3TheliteratureofAmericanRomanticismintroduction：1、TheRomanticPeriod,oneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliteratureItstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.startedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBookendedwithWhitman'sLeavesofGrass.Page4Americanromanticism2.Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense;3.Thewritersemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange4.BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,itisalsocalledtheAmericanRenaissance;Page5BackgroundPolitically：AfterAmericanrevolutionAmericandevelopedintoapoliticaleconomicandcultureindependencedemocraticandequalitybecametheidealsofthenewnation.completelychangescameaboutinthepoliticallifeofthecountryEconomically：Industrialismspreadwidelyandfast.Alargeofimmigrantsarrived.alltheseproducedaneconomicboom.BoththechangenpoliticalandtheeconomicdevelopmentbroughtAmericanasenseofoptimismandhopePage6BackgroundForeigninfluence：RomanticismemergedinEnglandfrom1798to1832.itaddedimpetustothegrowthofRomanticisminAmerican.InEnglandthegeneralfeaturesoftheworksofRomanticismisdissatisfactionwithbourgeoissocietyBritishRomanticisminspiredtheAmericanimagination.ThusAmericanRomanticismwasinawayderivativePage7TheromanticisminliteratureLiteratureceasedtobeprimarilydidactic,aservantofpoliticsandreligion.TheromanticvalueswereprominentinAmericanpolitics,art,andphilosophyuntiltheCivilWar.Page8DistinctFeatureofAmericanRomanticism1、Itwastheexpressionof“arealnewexperience”;2.IttendedtobedidacticbecauseofPuritaninfluence;3.ItwasbothimitativeandindependentThemes:home,familyandchildren,nature,idealizedlove;ApathytomajorproblemsofAmericanlifeTechnique:stanzaforms,BritishEnglish,stereotypedmetaphors,explicitandsuperficialsymbolismPage9MajorwritersofthisperiodPoets:HenryWordsworthLongFellow,EdgarEllenPoe,WaltWhitman,EmilyDickinsonFiction:WashingtonIrving--comicfablesJamesFenimoreCooper--frontieradventuresNathanielHawthorne--psychologicalromancesEdgarAllenPoe--Gothictales哥特式小说Page101.Biographicalintroduction2.Majorworks3.Emerson'sthoughts4.Emerson'sinfluencePage11BiographicalintroductionRalphWaldoEmerson(1803--1882)Therewardofathingwelldoneistohavedoneit----R.W.EmersonPage12.SonofaNewEnglandclergymen(牧师）.WenttoHarvard,reconsiderCalvinist(加尔文教派教徒)belief,embracedUnitarianism（神教派）.BecameaUnitarianministertothesecondchurchofBoston..LefthisjobforEuropeandbroughtbackEuropeanRomanticism..FormedTranscendentalistClubandbecamespokenmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism.Page13Heisanphilosopher,poetandprosewriter,themostinfluentialamonghiscontemporaries,andtheleadingfigureandmosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalismPage14MajorworksNature《论自然》TheAmericanScholar《美国学者》TheDivinitySchoolAddress《神学院演说》Self--Reliance《论自助》Over--Soul《论超灵》Page15Emerson’sThoughts①AllthethingsintheuniversearetheembodimentsoftheOversoul;thesoulofmanispartoftheOversoul;manisdivine.②Theindividualisthemostimportantofall.mancanhopetobecomebetterandevenperfect;hebelieved“theinfinitudeofman;menshouldandcouldbeself-reliant['selfri'laiənt]自力更生的;eachmanshouldfeeltheworldashis,andtheworldexistsforhimalone;inthemainoptimisticabouthumanperfectibility可完美性.③Natureisemblematic[,ɛmblə'mætɪk.象征的ofGod.ItmediatesbetweenmanandGod;natureisthesymbolofspirit,andthewholesomemoralinfluenceonmanandhischaracter.Page16OversoulInNewEnglandtranscendentalism,aspiritualessenceorvitalforceintheuniverseinwhichallsoulsparticipateandthatthereforetranscendsindividualconsciousness.超灵在新英格兰超验论中，代表宇宙中的精神本质或生命力，在这里所有的灵魂都参与进来，从而超越了个人意念的范围Page17Emerson’sInfluenceHisgreatestcontributiontoAmericanliteratureandcultureliesinthefactthathefirmlyadvocatedtheestablishmentofanindependentnationalliteratureandculture.His“TheAmericanScholar”(aspeechmadeinHarvardCollegein1837,publishedin1838)hasbeenregarded(firstbyOliverWendellHolmes)as“America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence.”Page18Page19DaysDaughtersofTime,thehypocriticDays,Muffledanddumblikebarefootdervishes,Andmarchingsingleinanendlessfile,Bringdiademsandfaggotsintheirhands.Toeachtheyoffergiftsafterhiswill,Bread,kingdoms,stars,andskythatholdsthemall.I,inmypleachedgarden,watchedthepomp,Forgotmymorningwishes,hastilyTookafewherbsandapples,andtheDayTurnedanddepartedsilent.I,toolate,Underhersolemnfilletsawthescorn.Page20translation日子光阴老人的女儿，伪善的时日，喑哑无语如同赤足的托僧，她们单行排列，无始也无终，手托皇冠和一根根权杖，按各人的心愿向大家分赠礼品，面包，王国和包罗星辰的天空。在枝丫缠绕的花园里，我见此壮观，忘掉了早晨的愿望，匆匆忙忙地采了些香草和苹果，时日便已转过身静默地离去。在她黑色的发带下我看出她的轻藐，为时已晚Page21Newwordshypocrite伪善者,伪君子muffled(声音)被隔的,听不太清的,隐约的barefoot赤脚的,不穿鞋袜的dervish(伊斯兰教苏非派的高级成员)托钵僧,苦行僧dia