劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》中保罗的悲剧--论文

1AnAnalysisofPaul'sTragedyinSonsandLoversAbstract:SonsandLovers(1913),themasterpieceofDavidHerbertLawrence,isanautobiographicalpsychoanalyticnovel.InSonsandLovers,theabnormalrelationshipbetweenPaulandhismotherisactuallyaccordwiththesymptomsof“OedipusComplex”whichisaterminpsychoanalysiswhichwasmadebyFreud.ThethesistriestoanalyzePaul'stragedyfromtheviewof“OedipusComplex”andprovidesthereasonsthatresultinPaul's“OedipusComplex”frommanyaspectsandtheconsequenceofit.Thethesispointsoutthatweshouldpaymuchmoreattentiontothepsychologicalhealthofpeople,especiallythepsychologicalhealthofchildren.Keywords:SonsandLovers;Paul'stragedy;Oedipuscomplex1.Introduction1.1.BriefIntroductiononLawrenceandSonsandLoversDavidHerbertLawrence(11September1885–2March1930)isanEnglishnovelist,poet,playwright,essayistandoneofthegreatestfiguresin20th-centuryEnglishLiterature.Duringhisshortperiodofliterarycareer,heaccomplishedagreatnumberofliteraryworks.Theseworksinclude10piecesoffull-lengthnovels,7piecesofmedium-lengthnovels,morethan50piecesofshortstories,andmorethan1000piecesofpoemsandsoon.Lawrencewasborninaminer'sfamilyofEastwoodNottinghamshireonNovember11th,1885.HisfatherArthurJohnLawrence,abarelyliterateminer,hadaroughcharacterandanaddictionforalcohol,whilehismotherwasawell-educatedladywhowasaformerschoolteacher.Duetothepovertyofthefamilyandtheclassdifferences,theaffectionbetweenhisparentsdisappearinggradually.Thenhismothergaveallherlovetohim.Thislopsidedlove,however,resultedinhisrelyingonhismotherforalongperiodandfailedtoformindependentpersonalityandperfectsexability.ItwasnottilltheDecemberof1910whenhismotherdiedofillnessdidheescapefromthisabnormallove.SonsandLovers(1913),thethirdpieceofthe10piecesoffull-lengthnovelsofLawrence,isthemostpopularoneofhisnovels.ItisSonsandLoversthatlaidhisfoundationofreputationasawriterandmadehimcontinuinghiswritingcareer.SonsandLovers,themasterpieceofLawrence,isanautobiographicalnovelandwaswrittenbasedonhis2experienceofchildhoodandjuvenileperiod.1.2LiteratureReviewSonsandLoversofLawrenceisoneofthemostcontroversialnovelsinwesternliterature.Afterthenovelwaspublished,manywesternresearchersstudiedthenovel.TheyshoweddifferentattitudestowardLawrenceandhisSonsandLovers.SomeresearcherssupportedthenovelandLawrence,whileotherswerestronglyagainstthenovelandLawrence.T.S.Eliot,afemaleBritishwriter,dislikesthesexinSonsandLovers.ShehaseversaidthatthepublishingofSonsandLoverssymbolsthecorruptionofhumanbeingswasdeepening.SheandothercriticscriticizedSonsandLoversmainlyforthesexthemeinthenovel.However;JohnMacyadmiresthelanguageskillsthatLawrenceusedinthenovel.IntheprefaceofSonsandLoverswhichwaspublishedin1992,hepointedoutthatthisnovelismasterpieceinwhicheverywordiswonderful.AndastheOedipuscomplexisoneofmostmovingpointsinthenovel,manyforeignrepaytheirattentiontoit.Since1950,manyresearchersoverseastendedtoanalyzethenovelfromtwoaspects:thelanguageskillsandthepsychologicalview.SinceSonsandLoverswerepublishedinChina,alotofChineseresearchershaveattachedmuchattentiontoit.TheyinsistthattheindustrialcivilizationdamagedtherelationshipsofPaul’sfamilyandthenleadstoPaul’stragedy.TheygraspedthekeypointtohaveagoodunderstandingofthenovelandtriedtoanalyzethetragedyofPaulfromthreeaspects:thesocialfactors,thefamilyfactorsandthePaul’sownweakness.SonsandLoversdepictedthelifeofthetwograduationsoftheMorelsintheearly20thcentury.It’sawindowthatwecanhaveagoodknowledgeofthelifeoflowclassoftheBritishmenintheearly20thcentury.AndPaul’stragedyinthenovelexposedthedestructionoftheCapitalistindustrializationprocesstowardthenatureandthepsychologicalhealth.Besides,inthenovel,Lawrenceusedagreatdealofpsychologicaldescription.Thus,thestudyofthenovelismeaningful.Inaword,SonsandLoversisasuccessfulnovelwhichpavedthewayforLawrence’ssuccessfulliteraryperformance.Bothoverseasanddomesticresearchershavedonemuch3studyonSonsandLovers.Theystudiedthenovelfromdifferentaspectssuchasthelanguageskills,thereasonswhichleadtoPaul'sOedipuscomplexandthecharacteranalysis.ThisthesiswillfocusonPaul'stragedy,tracingthereasonsthatleadtoit,sothereaderwillhaveadeeperunderstandingofPaul'stragedyandclearideaabouttheimportanceofpsychologicalhealth.2.Paul'sOedipusComplexTheOedipusComplexofPaulwasdevelopedinalongperiodfromhischildhoodtohisadulthood.Andithadaffectednotonlyhislifebuthisaffectionaffairs.Thereasonsincludetheharshsocialenvironment,theabnormalloveofhismother,Paul'sownweakness.2.1Whatis“OedipusComplex”?InordertounderstandPaul's“OedipusComplex”,weshouldgiveadefinitionof“OedipusComplex”.OedipusComplexmeansthatasonloveshismothertoanabnormalextentandhedetestshisfatherverymuch.Usuallytheonewhohas“OedipusComplex”livesinafamilywithoutabalancedrelationshipamonghisparentsandhim.Andheandhismotherhatehisfather,heandhismothertrendtoloveeachother.Thenhewillfinditdifficulttoloveothergirlsforheactuallylovehismother.2.1.1Originof“OedipusComplex”OedipusComplexisaterminpsychoanalysiswhichwasmadebyAustrianpsychologist,psychiatristFreudandalsooneofhisimportanttheories.ThetermoriginatedfromthestoryofOedipusi