71非谓语动词作定语和状语

非谓语动词作定语和状语韦正洪模块7UNIT4语法非谓语动词(NonfinitiveVerbs)高考语法作定语和状语谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语非谓语：主要包括不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些“貌合神离”的手段，加大考生辨别非谓语动词的难度。一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。例1).Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat解析：此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即Ａ或Ｂ项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与sitting.D例2)Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.havebeenboughtD.buying解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ，boughtthroughacomputer为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语canbelowerthan。当然此题如改为Pricesofdailygoodswhichhavebeenboughtthrough…也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。B小试牛刀1).Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better______it—you’vegotsomebigbillscomingA.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget2).Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_______fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.havingAD3)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought4).Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle_____toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgivenAC非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√不定式和分词都可充当:定语,状语.一.非谓语动词作定语不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。1.不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词。①Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.②Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.③TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。1).I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything___________(take)toyourson?2).AreyougoingtoBeijing?Doyouhaveanything__________(take)toyourson?tobetakentotake2.现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系)1)Pleasetellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomakesomuchnoise.2)Thefactorymaking(=thatmakes)suchtoolsisasmallonerunbyTom.3)Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.4)Barkingdogsseldombite.5)Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.（=…whoareplaying)进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。1)Someoftheexperiments____inthebookareeasytoperform.A.describingB.tobedescribedC.describedD.todescribe2)ItissaidthatBeijingUniversitywasthefirstinstituteofhigherlearning_____inChina.A.establishedB.beingestablishedC.tobeestablishedD.havingbeenestablishedCAPractise1).Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_______thedesert.A.covingB.coveredC.coverD.tocover.2).Therehavebeenseveralnewevents_____totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added3).Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.beingrecordedADA4).ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed5)—TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?—_____.EvenTom_____tothetopstudentsfailedinit.A.Yes;belongsB.No;belongedC.Yes;belongingD.No;belongingCC6).Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt7).Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe________murderlastnight.（04江苏）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted该题的谓语动词是attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语flowers。“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。BC3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed4.只有单个动名词能做定语，放在所修饰的名词前表示所修饰的名词的用途。Thereisaswimmingpoolinthebackyard.Onlyafterrepeatedpracticecanweimproveourteachingmethod.注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作。flyingfish飞鱼arunningdog走狗afallingtide落潮acryingboy哭着的孩子(=apoolforswimming)(=amethodforteaching)(=Aboyiscrying)practice分词作定语：1).Doyouknowtheman_____(speak)atthemeeting?2).Doyouknowtheman_____(praise)atthemeeting?3).Thebuilding_____(put)uplastnowisourlibrary.4).Thebuilding_____(put)upnowwillbeournewcompany.5).Thebuilding_____(put)upnextyearwillbeournewcompany.6).Therewasanoldtemple_____(stand)atthetopofthehill.7).Thereisasportsmeeting_____(hold)nextTuesday.8).Therewasanoldman______(live)inthevillage.二、非谓语动词作状语能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么