TMR-feeding-presentation TMR饲喂报告

TheTMRFeedingProgramTMR饲喂程序作者Dr.JimLinn，St.Paul明尼苏达大学2010年陕西农标普瑞纳饲料有限公司岳光荣翻译KeystoaSuccessfulDairyFeedingProgram成功的奶牛饲喂程序关键点：1.2.3.Properlyformulatedrations正确的日粮配方Skilledandconscientiouspeoplefeeding熟练的和有责任心的人饲喂Mixingandfeedingaccurateamountsofration3.4.5.6.7.Mixingandfeedingaccurateamountsofration混合和饲喂精确的日粮数量Highqualityfeeds高品质的饲料Goodcommunicationbetweentechnicalexpertsanddairymanager技术专家和奶牛场管理人员之间有好的沟通Goodrecordkeeping好的记录保持Goodworkingequipment好的工作设备WhatisaTMR?什么是TMR？Completemixofallfeedingredients所有饲料原料的完全混合zForages粗饲料zGrains谷物zByproducts副产品zProteinfeeds蛋白饲料zMineralsandVitamins矿物质和维生素zFeedadditives–yeastculture饲料添加剂-酵母培养物WhyFeedaTMR?为什么饲喂TMR？Increasemilkproduction提高牛奶产量Decreasefeedcosts降低饲料成本Improvecowhealth改善奶牛健康Improvecowhealth改善奶牛健康Abilitytofeedfeedsthatare:zHardtofeedindividually单独的饲喂zFedinsmallamountsDeliverconsistentrationtocoweveryday每天可以给奶牛一致的日粮TheTMREquationTMR等式FormulatedRation日粮配方MilkProduction牛奶产量=Production牛奶产量CowHealth奶牛健康FeedIngredients饲料原料$CowNutrientRequirementsRationFormulation日粮配方RATION–Lactation–35kg/day日粮—奶量Kg/day/cowHAY干草Cornsilage-35%DM玉米青贮Haylage-40%DM牧草青贮CORN玉米COTTONSEED,FZ棉籽PROTEINMIX蛋白混合3.69.718.28.42.53.8DRYMATTERNUTRIENT干物质营养ANALYSIS分析WetFeedIntakekg湿的日粮采食量46.2Requirements奶牛营养需求Fiber纤维Protein蛋白Energy能量Minerals矿物质WetFeedIntakekg46.2RationDM%日粮干物质48.7DMIntakekg干物质采食量22.5CrudeProtein%粗蛋白NDFFiber%中性洗涤纤维NDFFromForage%来自粗饲料的中性洗涤纤维NFC%非纤维碳水化合物Fat%脂肪TDN%可消化总养分NELactationMcal/kg泌乳净能16.534.623.834.95.370.31.63Calcium%钙Phosphorus%磷Magnesium%镁Potassium%钾Salt%盐Iodineppm碘Seleniumppm硒VitaminA,IU/day维生素AVitaminE,IU/day维生素E.93.39.381.33.461.51.34203437990FormulatingtheRationIdentifygroupofcowstobefedzzMilkproduction牛奶产量Daysinmilk泌乳天数zDryMatter(DM)Intake干物质采食量MinimizevariationinthegroupzGroupcowsthataresimilarinmilkproductionandDMintake每群牛奶具有相似的奶量和干物质采食量1.FreshCow新产牛z1to21daysinmilk泌乳天数1-21天2.1stLactationcows头胎泌乳牛CowGroupingsforTMRTMR日粮奶牛分群Lactatingcowgroups泌乳牛分群3.1LactationcowsHighProduction-oldercows高产-经产牛z21to180daysinmilk泌乳天数21-180天4.Mid-lactation–oldercows中产-经产牛z180to250daysinmilk泌乳天数180-250天5.LateLactation低产泌乳牛zzOlderand1stlactationcows经产和头胎泌乳牛250daysinmilktodryoff泌乳天数250到干奶1.FreshCow新产牛zzLowDMintake低的干物质采食量Dryforage(2–3kg/cow/day)干的粗饲料（2-3kg/头/天）2.1stLactationcows头胎泌乳牛zSmallercows较小的奶牛CowGroupings-VariationsLactatingcowgroups泌乳奶牛分群zzzzSmallercows较小的奶牛LowDMintake低的干物质采食量SlowertoreachpeakmilkproductionandDMintake较慢的达到高峰期奶量和干物质采食量PersistentmilkproductionandDMintake持久的奶量和干物质采食量3.HighProduction-oldercows(21-180daysinmilk)高产-经产牛（21-180泌乳天数）zzzzLargercows–较大的奶牛Reachpeakmilkproduction(40kg/day)45daysinmilk达到高峰期奶量（40kg/天）泌乳天数45天ReachpeakDMintake(25–30kg/day)by60daysinmilk达到高峰干物质采食量（25-30kg/天）在泌乳天数60天之前Breedinggroup配种群1.Mid-lactation–oldercows中产泌乳-经产牛zzz180to250daysinmilk泌乳天数180-250天Pregnantcows怀孕牛LowerDMintakeandmilkproductionthanhighCowGroupings-VariationsLactatingcowgroups泌乳牛分群zproductiongroup相比高产群具有低的干物质采食量和奶产量2.LateLactation(250daysinmilktodryoff)低产牛（泌乳天数250天到干奶）zzzOlderand1stlactationcowssimilarDMintakeandmilkproduction经产和头胎牛具有相似的采食量和奶产量Avoidoverconditioningofcows避免超过奶牛的体况Highforage–mediumenergyration高粗饲料-中等能量日粮DRYMATTERINTAKE(kg/day)15302520DryMatterIntake干物质采食量(MultiparousCows经产牛)干物质采食量DRYMATTERINTAKE1014710131619222528313437404346WEEKOFLACTATION泌乳周(MultiparousCows经产牛)DryMatterIntake干物质采食量(PrimiparousCows头胎牛)5干物质采食量1.FarOffdrycows干奶前期牛zz220to260dayspregnant妊娠220-260天HighforageTMR高粗饲料TMRCowGroupingsforTMRTMR日粮奶牛分群Drycowgroups干奶牛群z2.Close-uporPre-Freshcows围产牛zzz2to3weeksbeforecalving产犊前2-3周LowDMintake–10kg/day低的采食量-10kg/天Highfiber,nutrientdenseTMR高纤维，营养浓度高的TMR•3kggain3kg谷物•2-3kggoodqualityforage2-3kg优质粗饲料•Minerals,FeedAdditivesandvitamins矿物质，饲料添加剂和维生素TheFeedingObjective饲喂目标RationMixed混合的日粮Formulatedration配方日粮RATION–Lactation–35kg/dayKg/day/cowHAYCornsilage-35%DMHaylage-40%DMCORNCOTTONSEED,FZPROTEINMIX3.69.718.28.42.53.8DRYMATTERNUTRIENTANALYSISWetFeedIntakekg46.2RationCowsEat奶牛吃的日粮WetFeedIntakekg46.2RationDM%48.7DMIntakekg22.5CrudeProtein%NDFFiber%NDFFromForage%NFC%34.9Fat%16.534.623.85.3TDN%70.3NELactationMcal/kg1.63Calcium%Phosphorus%Magnesium%Potassium%Salt%IodineppmSeleniumppmVitaminA,IU/dayVitaminE,IU/day.93.39.381.33.461.51.34203437990)Consistencyisthekey一致是关键ThesameAMOUNTof相同的数量TMRFeedingGoalTMR饲喂目标ThesameAMOUNTof相同的数量thesameMIXat相同的混合thesameTIMEeachday.每一天相同的时间MixingtheTMR混合TMRDrymatteroffeeds–feedamounts饲料的干物质-饲料数量Orderofingredientaddition原料添加顺序Mixercapacity日粮车容量Mixercapacity日粮车容量Mixingtime混合时间DryMatter干物质100-%moisture=%DM干物质水分NutrientsarecontainedinDMNutrientsarecontainedinDM营养物质是包含在干物质里的zzRationformulatedonDM日粮配方基于干物质CowsconsumeDM奶牛消耗的是干物质TMRingredientsareasfedDMerrorsresultinoverorunderfeedingasfedfeeds当饲喂的TMR原料干物质错误会导致饲喂的饲料过量或不够CheckForageDM检查粗饲料干物质DetermineDMofforageatleastonceperweek.每周至少一次确定粗饲料的干物质确定粗饲料的干物质AdjustamountsofforageinTMRwhenDMchangesmorethan2%units当干物质改变超过2%时调整粗饲料的数量CommonTMRMixingErrors通常TMR混合错误ScaleandWeighingInaccuracies秤和称重不精确ScalenotaccuratelyWeighingTMR电子称不精确的称重TMR电子称不精确的称重Feedernotaccuratelyweighingfeedamounts饲养员没有精确的称重饲料数量TMRMixing-AddingIngredientsTMR混