延续性动词与短暂性动词-讲解与练习

1短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时姓名：_________短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或howlong等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词howlong，inthepast+时间段，allthese+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：1.这位老人已经死了十年了。Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.（×）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.（√）（die→bedead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的bedead，dead是die的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）2.我买了这块手表五年了。Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.（×）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.（√）（buy→have，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have可以延续）3.我离开家乡已十年了。Ihavelefthometownfor10years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.（√）（leave—beaway，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态，beaway表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。2如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：buy/get→have,borrow→keep，havedie→bedeadfinish→beover,Close→beclosedleave→beaway（from）open→beopenmarry→bemarriedfallasleep→beasleepfall(get)ill→beillgoout→beoutgetup→beupputon→wear/beonMoveto→liveincome/go/become→begotoschool→beinschool/beastudentbegin/start→beonbegintostudy→studyGettoknow→knowwake/wakeup→beawakeLose/die/sell/leave→begonecatch/getacold→haveacoldjoin/takepartin→bein/beamemberofcome/arrive/reach/getto→beinreturnto/comebackto/gobackto→beback(to)come(arrive,reach,get)here/go(arrive,reach,get)there→behere(there)练习：一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。例：Hedied10yearsago./Hehasbeendeadfor10years.die→bedead1.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago./Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks._____→______2.Heboughtthebikeamonthago./Hehashadthebikeforamonth._______→______3.Hearrivedherelastyear./Hehasbeenheresincelastyear.________→_______4.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago./Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.______→_______5.Helefthere2yearsago./Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years._______→_______6.Thefilmbegan30minutesago./Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.______→______7.Theyopenedthedooranhourago./Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour._______→______8.Theyclosedthedooranhourago./Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.______→______二、选择题。()1.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied()2.It'ssixweeks______Imetyoulast.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.For()3.Hisfather__thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasin.D.hasbeenin3()4.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade()5.Hurryup!Theplay____fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began()6.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was()7.Hisuncle____formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.hasleftthecity()8.—HowlonghasRobert_____?—Since2004.A.beeninBeijingB.becomeapolicemanC.joinedtheartclubD.studiedinthisschool()9.Hisfather____thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin()10.-Howlonghaveyou____thelibrarybook?-Forabouttwoweeks.A.borrowB.borrowedC.areborrowingD.kept()11.-Howlonghashe_______thiscar?-Fortwoyears.A.buyB.boughtC.hadD.buys()12.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway()13Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened()14.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome()15..Youmustn't________untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleftD.haveleft()16.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverD.ended()17.7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaughtD.taught()18.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became()19.I_____homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returnedD.amreturned()20.Howlong__he__?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendeadD.did,died()21.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept()22.-Howlong_____you_____ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,beenD.have,had()23.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfromD.Left4()24.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.takeD.took()25.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeenD.is()26.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on()27.He___for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenupD.isup()28.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad()29.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus________for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway()30.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept()31.Howlonghaveyou______here?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been()32.Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.二.句型转换：写出下列句子的同义句。例如.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.→Mr.LihastaughtEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.2.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.→Thefactory______________f