英语基本句型和句子成分

1.aheavyrain2.inthelaboratory3.amanalwayswritingarticles4.mentallyandphysicallyhealthy5.seeafilm6.Mr.Liwillvisityouat2：00pm.7.Standup！1什么叫句子？名词短语名词短语介词短语形容词短语动词短语句子句子一个主谓结构就是一个句子。通常，主语和谓语是句子必不可少的两个组成部分，祈使句可省略主语。英语五种基本句型：基本句型一：主语+谓语基本句型二：主语+谓语(系)+表语基本句型三：主语+谓语+宾语基本句型四：主语+谓语+间宾+直宾基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Ｓ│Ｖ（vi.不及物动词）主语+谓语1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothly.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词。Ｓ│Ｖ(系动词)│Ｐ主语+谓语(系)+表语1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner│smells│good.3.Everything│looks│different.4.He│fell│inlove.5.He│isgrowing│tallandstrong.6.Ourwell│hasgone│dry.7.Hisface│turned│red.Ｓ│Ｖ（vt.及物动词）│Ｏ主语+谓语+宾语1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│Goodmorning.5.He│thinks│thathewasmistaken.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│I.O（多指人）│D.O（多指物）主语+谓语+间宾+直宾1.She│gave│herdaughter│anewdress.2.He│brought│you│adictionary.3.I│showed│him│mypictures.4.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.5.He│showed│me│howtorunthemachine.有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,teach,tell,write,throw,sell等，表示动作是对谁做的。如：Canyougivemeyourbook?=Canyougiveyourbooktome?有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy,get,make,order,choose等，表示动作是为谁做的。如：Myuncleboughtmeawatch.=Myuncleboughtawatchforme.有些动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，称为宾补，才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ│O.Ｃ主语+谓语+宾语+宾补1.They│painted│thedoor│green.2.We│named│him│Tom.3.They│found│thewindow│broken.4.He│asked│me│tocomebacksoon.5.I│saw│them│gettingonthebus.•It’sbeenalongtimesinceweleftourjuniormiddleschool.•Howiseverythinggoing?•DoyoustillrememberhowIhatedEnglish?•Wecanheartheloudnessandthemusicaltoneofhisvoicealwayschangingaccordingtowhatheistalkingabout.•Throughhissenseofhumour,hehasmadelearningmoreenjoyable.1.主语(Subject)表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或非谓语动词短语充当。例如：1.Shehatestellinglies.2.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastthirtyyears.3.Whathesaidisimportanttome.4.WatchingEnglishTVnewsisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.2.谓语(Predicate)说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。例如：1.Childrenlikeplayinggames.2.Theyweretalkingaboutanewfilm.3.Youshouldtellmethetruth.3.宾语(Object)常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、非谓语动词短语、宾语从句等充当。例如：1.Shehasfinisheddoingtheexperiment.2.WelikeEnglishandaregoodatit.3.Ihopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.4.表语(Predicative)与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、句子等充当。例如：1.Hergrandfatherisanengineer.2.Thetwocountrieswereatwarthen.3.Heseemedveryhappy.4.ThisishowwemaketheItalianpizza.5.宾补(ObjectComplement)宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，非谓语动词，介词短语等.1.EveryonecallshimUncleBen.2.Hehasmadelearningmoreenjoyable.3.Shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.4.Wecanhearhisvoicealwayschanging.5.HehelpsustolearnEnglish.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语主要是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）、短语（介词短语、非谓语短语等）、句子。我们称之为：定语、状语定语(attributive)定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、介词短语、非谓语、句子等充当。Twoboysneedtwopens.HisnameisTom.TheboyinblueisTom.Thetallboyneedsaballpen.Whoistheboytalkingtoyourmum?.Thereisnothingtodotoday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Themanwhotelephonedmejustnowismyfather.状语(adverbial)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等可用作状语的有副词,介词短语，非谓语，句子等。Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Theguestsenjoyedthedishesverymuch.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.Hesitsthere,askingforapen.Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.同位语（appositive)当两个句子成分指同一事物，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Myteacher,ayoungman,isveryhumorous.Ibelievethefactthathewashonest.独立成分：与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.判断下列句子中各成分1.Idoenjoythenewschoollifehere.2.Ihavemetquitealotofnewteachersandschoolmates,andtheyareallverykindtome.3.DoyoustillrememberhowIhatedEnglish?4.ButI’mprettyaboutthissubjectnow.5.IneverthoughtthatateacherwouldchangemyattitudetowardsEnglishl