2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件：书面表达备考指南(22)(浙江专用)

第22讲书面表达备考指南由于浙江省高考书面表达多采用半开放式写作形式，把从过去翻译要点为主，转变到自主表达的层面上，同时需要考生的评论，这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及逻辑思维能力，是基础和能力的完美结合，是对“书面表达”的完美诠释，真正体现了浙江卷特色和亮点。众所周知，高考书面表达是学生相对得分最低的一道题目，省均分基本维持在13—15分左右。因此，考生要加大书面表达练习，提升书面表达技巧，力争高考取得高分。一、增强书面表达效果的技巧1.使用较高级的词汇。词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。例1.Hestudieshard.Sohedoeswellinallthesubjects.=Hestudieshard.Therefore,hedoeswellinallthesubjects.=Hestudieshard.Asaresult,hedoeswellinallthesubjects.=Hestudieshard.Asaconsequence,hedoeswellinallthesubjects.例2.IlovenatureandIlovepeace.=Iamfondof/aminterestedin/havegreatinterestinnature.=Iameagerfor/amenthusiasticabout/amcrazyaboutpeace.=IaminterestedinnatureandIameagerforpeaceaswell.例3.Weshouldtrytohelptheold.=Weshouldmakethegreatesteffort/sparenoeffort/tryeverymeans/dowhateverwecantohelptheold.例4.Iwanttodosomethingforourmotherland.=Iwillmakecontributionsto/contributeto/devotemyselftoourmotherland.例5.Iwanttounderstandforeignculturebetter.=Iwanttohaveabetterunderstandingofforeignculture.例6.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.=Agoodideaoccurredtome.=Agoodideasuddenlystruckme.2.适当转变句式(1)把两个(或几个)简单句合并为一个简单句1)使用非谓语动词例1.WearestudyinginTangxiMiddleSchool.Wefeelhappy.→StudyinginTangxiMiddleSchool,wefeelhappy.(非谓语动词，现在分词表原因)例2.Iwillbegivenanotherchance.Iwillsucceed.→Givenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.(非谓语动词，过去分词表被动)例3.HewantstoimprovehisEnglish.Hestudieshard.→ToimprovehisEnglish,hestudieshard.(非谓语动词，动词不定式表目的)2)with结构例1.Heisahandsomeboy.Hehasbigeyes.→Heisahandsomeboywithbigeyes.例2.Shanghaiisabusycity.Shanghaihasconvenienttraffic.→Shanghaiisabusycitywithconvenienttraffic.例3.Hewasbroughtin.Hishandsweretiedbehindhisback.Hewasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.(2)使用独立主格结构例1.Ifweatherpermits,wewillgocampingtomorrow.→Weatherpermitting,wewillgocampingtomorrow.例2.Therewasnotaxi,sowehadtowalkhome.→Therebeingnotaxi,wehadtowalkhome.例3.Ifallthefactorsareconsidered,heisthebestofthemthree.→Allthefactorsconsidered,heisthebestofthemthree.(3)把两个简单句合并为复合句1)定语从句例TheChineseartistsweretoperformherethatnight.Thenewscheeredeveryoneofus.→TheChineseartistsweretoperformherethatnight，whichcheeredeveryoneofus.2)名词性从句以上例题还可变为：→ThenewsthattheChineseartistsweretoperformherethatnightcheeredeveryoneofus.3)状语从句例Hegotuplatethismorning.Hemissedthefirstbustoschool.→Hegotupsolatethismorningthathemissedthefirstbustoschool.(4)使用多种句型1)巧用被动语态例1.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestopreventpollution.→Somemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventpollution.例2.Hemakesfulluseofhissparetimetopractiseplayingthepiano.→Hissparetimeismadefulluseoftopractiseplayingthepiano.2)巧用it句型例1.你方便来我们学校来看我吗？Isitconvenientforyoutocometoourschooltoseeme?例2.我认为开这个会议是个好机会。Ithinkitagoodchancetohostthemeeting.3)巧用倒装例1.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.→Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.例2.只有这样我们才能有足够的精力把学习学好。Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudybetter.4)巧用强调例Hedidn'tgetupuntilhismothercameback.→Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathegotup.3.使用恰当的连接词(也叫小品词)，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。高考大纲中常用的连接词：(1)表示平行、对等或选择关系and,both…and,aswellas,togetherwith,neither…nor,also,notonly…butalso,either…or,aswell(2)表示转折关系but,yet,however,nevertheless(然而),inspiteof=despite,although,otherwise,while,afterall(3)表示对比关系onthecontrary,insteadof,ononehand…ontheotherhand,(just)like,unlike,inthesameway,atthesametime,differentfrom…，comparedwith,incontrast…(4)表示因果关系so,for,therefore,asaresult(of),because,owingto,dueto,thanksto,onaccountof(理由)(5)表示时间、顺序关系shortly,afterwards,first,second…，then,next,finally,foronething,foranother,intheend,eventually(最后，终于),inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,firstly,secondly,thirdly,firstandforemost,lastbutnotleast…(6)表示递进、强调关系besides,furthermore(此外),what'smore,inaddition,moreover(而且),worsestill,tomakemattersworse,indeed,certainly,surely,aboveall,what'smore,finally…(7)表示举例或解释、说明namely(也就是),actually,suchas,forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,inotherwords,andsoon,totellyouthetruth,accordingtothis(8)表示结论inshort,inbrief,inaword,asyouknow,asfarasIknow,onthewhole,inconclusion,atlast,finally,allinall,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,intheend4．语言地道，流畅，规范。在行文表达中，要求卷面美观整洁，要尽量减少母语干扰，避免“Chinglish”，力求顺畅。例如：如何通过使用连接词、句子结构及词汇使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来？我们可以比较下面三个段落。Iopenedthedoor.Iwentintotheroom.Iwalkedtothewindow.Iopenedthewindow.Ilookedout.Therearemanyoldwomendoingmorningexercises.Iwatchedthemforsometime.这是一个干巴巴、索然无味的段落，下面加一些连接词及一些语法结构后就会有很大改观。AfterIopenedthedoor,Iwentintotheroom.Itwasdarkinsidetheroom,soIwalkedtowardthewindowandopenedit.Isawmanyoldwomenwhoweredoingmorningexercisesandwatchedthemforsometime.同样这样的内容，下面的改动会精彩得多。Afteropeningthedoor,Iwentintotheroom.Itwasdarkinsidetheroom,soIopenedawindowtoletinsomelight.Isawmanyoldwomendoingmorningexercises.Istoodatthewindow,watchingthemforsometime.从以上我们可以看出，要使文章写得连贯、流畅，就要准确恰当地使用各种表示时间先后顺序等方面的连接词，以及运用丰富的词汇和得当的句子结构，这些丰富的词汇和得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少。二、高分作文四步法Step1：确定文体高考作文常用的文体有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。近几年我省的高考书面表达多以应用文和议论文为主，提供的形式多以文字提示出现。不管是应用文的书信还是对比或夹叙夹议体裁的议论文。我们考生都应该根据写作提示分析材料，确定文体，闯过第一关。Step2：确定时态和人称考生要根据选好的文体和写作内容确定时态。一般来说，记人叙事多用一般过去时；发布通知多用一般将来时和祈使句式；发表议论大多用带有情态动词的一般现在时；人物介绍、现状说明常用一般现在时和现在完成时。但要注意，写作时时态并不唯一，要灵活运用，要依据表达内容而确定。Step3：确定所需主要词汇和所用表达结构在以上“两确定”的基础上，应该根据文章体裁和内容