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高考英语阅读理解“推理判断”题解题策略--2010高考英语各题型解题策略系列仙游一中黄聚宝硕士E-mail:huangjubao@163.comMP:13959567300•历届高考英语试题中,推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题一半左右,它将直接影响考生的英语整体成绩。推理判断题属于主观题,是层次较高的题目。很多考生对此感到困惑。下面笔者结合近年高考英语试题,从以下几个方面阐述英语阅读理解推理判断题解题策略,希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。1.推理判断题的考查要求推理判断题不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义;既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等,领悟作者的言外的意(即我们所说的readbetweenlines);既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。即综合概括、推导结论、推理判断。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上,对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。一、研究推理判断题的题型特征2.推理判断题的设题方式推理判断题常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的动词,如probably,mostlikely等,常见的设题形式有:推测文章的观点或结论:①Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?或Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.②Fromthetextweknow/learnthat______.③Fromthispassage,wecandrawaconclusionthat______.或Wecanconcludefromtheparagraphthat______.推测作者的意图、观点、态度和写作目的及隐含意义:①Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas__.②Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto______.③Theauthorimplies______.④Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter'sattitudetowards______?⑤Inthepassage,theauthorsuggeststhat______.⑥Whenhesaid,“…”,hemeant______.⑦Theauthorwantstoappealto______.⑧Whatkindofatmospheredoesthewriterwanttocreateinthispassage?⑨Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?⑩Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkgivesthemostimportanttrait(特性)of××'scharacter?•推断文中未曾说出的内容:•①Whatdoyouthinkhadhappenedbefore______?•②Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenafter______?•③Thiseventprobablytookplacein______.•④Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.•⑤Whatprobablyhappenedintheend?•推断文章的出处:•①Thispassagewouldmostlikelytobefoundin______.•②Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.•是非判断题:Whichofthefollowingis(not)true/false?•逻辑排序题:Whichofthefollowingdescribesone’slogicindoingsth?•1.正确选项的特点•推理判断题的正确选项往往不是文章直接或明确说明的内容,而是间接表达出来的,除符合文章主旨外,还符合逻辑,让考生有推敲的余地,另外,正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。有的考生要么仅凭自己的常识或主观想象理解文章中的细节,缺乏文章信息的支持;要么断章取义或片面理解,缺乏思维的严密性,导致无法选出正确选项。•2.干扰选项的特点•干扰项的强弱直接影响试题的难度,推理判断题的干扰项一般具有很强的迷惑性,但如果能破解干扰项设立的种种“伎俩”,问题就会迎韧而解。下面列举几例加以说明。二、破解推理判断题的命题“微技”①扩大概念:对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理,设立干扰项。例如,2008年福建卷第66题WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutusingyourNatWestCreditCard?此题的干扰项C.Youcanusethecardinanyshopacrosstheworld里的acrosstheworld为“扩大”的范围,是根据文章倒数第三行(Payinover24millionshopsworldwidethatdisplaytheMaestrocardorVisalogo)的信息,把该句里起限定“范围”作用的定语从句(thatdisplaytheMaestrocardorVisalogo)删除掉,考查学生判断信息准确与否的能力。•例如,2010莆田市考•71.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?•A.Students’workinschool.•B.Students’educationandcareer.•C.Parents’worriesabouttheirchildren.•D.Twokindsofpressureoncollegestudents.•75.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?•A.Studentscanfeelthelovefromtheirparents.•B.Parentsdotheirbestforthegoodoftheirchildren.•C.Studentsoftencomeintowithconflictwiththeirparents.•D.Parentsoftenrespecttheirchildren’schoiceandwillingness.•②以偏概全:英语阅读中的“隐义”题,主要是考查考生能否统揽全局,进行推断隐含意义的能力。设题时,往往采用“以偏概全”,把文章的某些“正确”的细节(Specific)作为底本,来设置“干扰项”,更具有迷惑性。•例如,2010莆田市考•60.TheburglarsinStoryOnedidnottakeawayallthemoneybecause.•A.theirvanbrokedownandthepoliceturnedup•B.theycouldnotseethemoneyclearlyinthedark•C.theythoughtthattheydidnotneedsomuchmoney•D.theyhadnotexpectedtherewouldbesomuchmoney•63.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthestoriesisto.•A.lookintothecases•B.entertainthereaders•C.praisethepolicemen•D.remindthereadersofsecurity•③偷梁换柱:英语阅读中的“推理”题,主要是考查考生对某句、某段意的理解或对全篇文脉的把握。设题时,往往采用“偷梁换柱”来设立干扰项,考查考生的理解及捕捉信息能力;即采用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇来作为干扰项,但在某些地方换了几个词汇,造成句意的改变。•例如,2010莆田市考•(小推)59.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.•A.HaitiwasonceruledbyFrance•B.Haitienjoysapeacefulpolitics•C.fewcountriesmaderesponsestoUN’semergencyappeal•D.thesurvivorsaresatisfiedwiththequickaidfromthegovernment•62.Wecanlearnfromthestoriesthat.•A.Theburglarbecameblindandscreamedfor72hours•B.TwomotorcyclistsrobbedMrs.Chenofthemoneyandspedaway•C.AserialburglarinMalaysiasurvivedonthesoleappleinthecouple’sfridge•D.BurglarZhouthoughtthetwodiamondringsfalseandthrewthemintothetoilet•(大推)70.Itcanbeinferredthat_________.•A.peoplesittingtoolongmightsufferfromcancer•B.peoplesittingalongtimemightenjoyapeacefulmind•C.it’sharmlessforthepeoplewhoexercisemuchtosittoolong•D.it’sbeneficialforpeopletointerruptsittingasoftenaspossible•做推理判断题时要时时注意深层含义通常是隐藏在文字后面的延伸之意,弦外之音,如作者的意图、倾向、语气、人物的性格、心理、情感、故事的结局、事情的因果关系等。因此我们要调动逻辑思维能力,透过字里行间,去严密推理,合理想象。•1.利用客观信息进行推理。•依据文章明示的客观信息或内在的逻辑关系进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、引申、概括,从而得出合理的结论。要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。•例1:[NMET2009福建]63.Thenewtrafficlawismainlyintendedto.•A.limitthenumberofforeignvehiclesenteringBritain•B.increasetheBritishmovement’sadditionalincome•C.lowertherateoftrafficaccidentsandinjuries•D.getforeigndrivestoappearincount•[答案]C,本题考查推理判断。依据文章第六自然段和第七自然段的首句进行推测判断。三、探索推理判断题的解题技巧例2:[NMET2009福建]74.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA.itisnecessarytokeeptheair-conditioningonallthetimeB.itseemspossibleforeveryhouseholdtocutemissionsofCO2C.theaverageUShouseholdproducesabout3,000poundsofCO2amonthD.theaverageEuropeanhouseholdproducesabout1,000poundsofCO2amonth[答案]B,本题考查判断推测。根据最后一自然段大意进行综合推理、概括。2.全面分析信息进行推理。
本文标题:高考英语阅读理解推理判断题解题策略
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