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Unit2EnglishAroundtheWorldWordsandexpressions•Official•n.(文职)官员adj.官方的,正式的•Eg:Myfatherisanofficerinthearmy,whilehisfatherisanofficialinthegovernment.•注意:officer常指身着特定制服的官员,如军官;official常指政府官员,行政官员。•短语:•officialduties公职officialroutine例行公事•officiallanguage官方语言•voyage•n.航行,航海v.航行,航海•短语:•make/take/goonavoyage去航海•ontheoutwardvoyage在出航途中•onthehomewardvoyage在回航途中•Eg:TheTitanicsankonitsmaidenvoyage.•conquerv.•(1)占领,攻克,征服•Eg:TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.•(2)(尤指在比赛,赛跑中等)击败,战胜•Eg:Theworldchampionconqueredanotherchallengerlastnight.•(3)(成功地)对付,克服,控制•Eg:Theonlywaytoconquerafearistofaceit.•becauseof因为,由于becauseof是复合介词,表示原因,意为“因为”,后接名词,代词或宾语从句,在句中作状语。because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,表示主句的根本原因。Eg:Heisabsenttodaybecauseofhisillness.Heisabsenttodaybecauseheisill.•拓展:•becauseof的同义短语thanksto多亏,由于;作表语或状语owingto由于;作表语或状语asaresultof由于;作状语onaccountof因为;作状语dueto(不能用于句首)由于;作表语或状语•native•(1)native作形容词,意为“本国的;本地的”,此时仅用作前置定语。•搭配:one’snativeland/country祖国•one’snativelanguage本国语,母语•one’snativeplace出生地•注意:benativeto意为“(动植物)(某地)特有的,原产于某地”•Eg:ThegiantpandaisnativetoChina.•benativeof意为“出生于某地的人”•(2)native作名词,意为“本国人;本地人”或“某地的动植物”•comeup•(1)走近;赶上,上来•Eg:Achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation.•(2)(太阳,月亮)升起•Eg:Theskywasdarkblueandclearwhenthemooncameup.•(3)被提出讨论,被谈到;引起注意•Eg:Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.•注意:•comeup作“被提出”“被谈到”讲时为不及物动词,不用于被动语态,它用于下列两种结构中:sbcomeupwithsth和sthcomeup.•basevt.或n.•(1)建于……之上,以……为根据搭配:base…on/upon…把……建立在……上bebasedon/upon建立在……基础上Eg:ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyMarkTwain.Oneshouldalwaysbasehisopiniononfacts.(一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。)(2)底部,根基,基础Eg:Wecampedatthebaseofthemountain.辨析•base与basis•base表示具体含义,意为“根基”“基础”“底座”•Eg:thebaseofabuilding建筑物的根基•basis表示抽象含义,即“非物质方面的基础”•Eg:theeconomicbasis经济基础•presentn.adj.vt.•(1)作形容词时,若表示“在场的,出席的”,通常做表语或后置定语,固定词组为bepresentat,意为“出席”,其反义词组为beabsentfrom,意为“缺席”;若表示“现有的,现在的”,通常作前置定语。•eg:Wereyoupresentwhenthenewswasannounced?•Youcan’tuseitinitspresentcondition.•(2)作名词时,表示“目前,现在”,多与the连用,常用词组为atpresent=atthepresenttime,意为“目前,现在”。•其他搭配:forthepresent意为“暂时”•thepresent,意为“当前,目前”•Eg:I’mafraidIcan’thelpyouatpresent.I’mtoobusy.•(3)作名词时,还可以表示“礼物”,含有“礼物是捐赠的”意思。•常用词组为makesbapresentofsth,意为“将某物赠送给某人”•Eg:Headmiredmyoldtypewriterverymuch,soImadehimapresentofit.•(4)作动词时,意为“赠送,给予”,后可接双宾语,也可以表示“(尤指向级别及地位较高的人)正式介绍引见某人”。•搭配:presentsthtosb把某物捐赠给某人•presentsbwithsth把某物送给某人•presentsbtosb把某人介绍给某人•Eg:WhenMr.Brownleftthefirm,thedirectorpresentedagoldwatchtohim.•Themayorpresentedthewinnerwithasilvercup.•Mr.Smith,mayIpresentMr.White?•enrichvt.•(1)充实,使丰富,使富含(某物)•搭配:enrichsthwithsth用……丰富,充实•beenrichedwith添加(富含)某物•Eg:Thestudyofsciencehasenrichedallourlives.•Mostbreakfastcerealsareenrichedwithvitamins.•(2)使富有,使富裕•Eg:Theywereaccusedofusingtheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.•makeuseof利用,使用•Eg:YoumustmakegooduseofanyopportunitytopractiseEnglish.•搭配:makegooduseof好好利用•makefulluseof充分利用•makebetteruseof更好地利用•makethebestuseof最好地利用•latteradj.•(提及的两者中的)后者的,(系列中)最后的,末尾的•Eg:Manypeoplesupporttheformer,butpersonallyIfavourthelatter.•(形近词)lateradv.以后,后来,随后•adj.后来的,以后的•late有两种比较级和最高级形式,两者对比:•指时间表示“后来”laterlatest•指顺序表示“后一个,后者”latterlast•identityn.•(1)身份,本身,本体(人)•identitycard(IDcard)身份证identitycertificate身份证明eg:Thepolicearetryingtodiscovertheidentityofthekiller.v.Identify确认,证明,鉴定;发现eg:Canyouidentifyyourumbrellaamongthese?•fluentadj.•(1)(尤指外语)流利的,文字流畅的•搭配:befluentinsth在……方面流利的•Eg:SheisfluentinPolish.•(2)流畅的,熟练的•Eg:Theletterwaswritteninfluenthandwriting.•suchas•(1)例如……•suchas和forexample/instance都可作“例如”讲,但suchas用来例举事物,放在被列举的事物和前面的名词之间。其后直接跟名词,没有逗号,一般不与andsoon连用;forexample/instance用来举例说明,可用作插入语用在句子中,后面一般有逗号。•Eg:Studentslearnmanysubjectsatschool,suchasEnglish,physics,andchemistry.•Alotofpeoplehere,forexample,Mr.Johnson,wouldratherhavecoffee.•注意:suchas不将前面所述的数量全部列出。•Eg:(误)Heknowsfivelanguages,suchasChinese,Russian,English,FrenchandSpanish.•(正)Heknowsfivelanguages,namelyChinese,Russian,English,FrenchandSpanish.•(2)such作形容词,可与as在剧中分开使用,表示“像……这样的”,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,作主语或宾语。•Eg:Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.•Opportunitiessuchasthisdidn’tcomeeveryday.频度副词•总是always•通常usually•常常often/frequently•有时sometimes•偶尔occasionally•很少seldom/rarely•从未never•commandn.vt.•(1)n.命令,指令,控制,掌握;运用力•Eg:Thearmyisundertheking’sdirectcommand.•HehasagoodcommandofFrench.•(2)vt.指挥,命令搭配:commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat…(should)do命令……Eg:Thepolicemancommandedthethieftostop.Theteachercommandedthathe(should)gooutoftheclassroom.注意•①command作“掌握”讲且前面有修饰语时,常加不定冠词。•②command作“命令”讲且后接宾语/同位语/表语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,即(should+)do,should可以省略。•拓展:•beincommandofsb在某人控制之下•undersb’scommand在某人的指挥之下精通……,对……很了解•haveagoodcommandof•haveagoodgraspofhaveagoodknowledgeofhaveagoodunderstandingof•requestn.vt.•(1)n.要求,请求,请求的事物•Eg:Weshouldmakearequestforhelp.•Myrequestisthatyou(should)helpme.•(2)vt.要求,请求•搭配:request+n./pron.•request+n./pron.+todo•request+sthfromsb•request+that(从句),要用虚拟语气。•Eg:Theworkersrequestedariseinthesalary.•MayIrequestyoutostoptalking?•Irequestedthedictionaryfromhim.•Irequestedthathe(should)comeanhourearlier.•拓展:•byrequest应邀;依照•attherequestof=atone’srequest应……的要求makearequest请求Eg:Hesangasongbyrequest.Itwasobviousthatshewas
本文标题:人教版高一英语必修一Unit 2 词汇
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