31宾语补足语

宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语Objectcomplement宾语补足语宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。TheycalledhertheLoulanBeauty.在这句话中，her是宾语，theLoulanBeauty作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。Manypeoplewereburiedalive.Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.alive.mostinteresting动词总结能带宾语补足语结构的动词一定是及物动词。第一类：感觉动词，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice等，这类词所接的宾补可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.Didyouseeacatbeingdrivenaway?第二类：含使动意义的动词，如let,have,get,make,wouldlike,want等，这类词所接的宾补多是动词原形或过去分词。We’vejusthadthehousedecorated.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydon’tmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.IwanttheworkfinishedbyJanuary1st.第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.Theyhavemademethechairman.Theyhavemademeanicechair.注意：这类结构和双宾的区别第四类：v+sb+todosth结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,want,force,inspire,invite,order,permit,remind,request等。Theyaskedmetitellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?第五类：find,keep等几个动词的用法很灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词，副词，词组，现在分词和过去分词等。Wefounditverydifficulttosolvetheproblem.Howcanyoukeepthemwaitingforsolong?SuddenlyIfoundmywalletstolen.Keepthedoorclosed.宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：n./adj./adv./介词短语/v.原型/ing/v-ed/todo/tobe1.Wechosehimourmonitor.2.Wemustmakeourclassroomclean.3.Hefoundthelighton.4.Thefiremengotthefireundercontrol.5.Theteacherlethimstandout.6.Didyouhearsomeonesinging?7.Theparentsmaketheirchildreneducated.8.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.9.Weallconsiderhimtobeahero.make/choose/select+名词+职务（不带冠词）AtlastObamawasselectedpresidentofAmerica.Weallchosehimrepresentativeofourteam.TheymadeJimtheirleaderindiggingforthetreasuresinanancienttombnearthemountain.AmericanselectObama(as)PresidentoftheUSA.(Obamaistheirpresident.)当一个名词表示独一无二的职位或头衔(chairman,president,head,director,king,captain,monitor等)作表语，同位语和补语时，前面常不用冠词Tips:e.g.In1399,HenryIVbecameKingofEngland.（P.23L.49)动词不定式做宾补todo做宾补表示宾语要去做的动作，能用todo做宾补的v.有：(即v.+sb.+todo)ask,want,wish(无hope),tell,order,warn,advise(无suggest),allow(无agree),invite,permit,forbid,expect,beg,force,encourage,send,teach,train,remind,require(无demand),wouldlike,wouldprefer等等.Iwishyoutohaveagoodtrip.Iwouldpreferyoutostayforthedinner.Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有:make,let,have,（get)see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;observehelp等,但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to.使役动词的用法：1.letsb./sth.dosth.无被动2.makesb./sth.dosth.使某人做某事，sb.bemadetodomakesb./sth.done使某人被……3.havesb./sth.dosth.使某人做某事(无被动)havesb./sth.doingsth.使某人一直做（动作一直进行）havesb./sth.done使某人被…或表示“遭遇不幸”4.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事getsb./sth.done使某人被…感官动词see,notice,hear,listento,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等｛+sb./sth.+do表示动作全过程doing表动作正进行done表示被动动作Ihearthemsingasong.Ihearthemsingingasong.Ihearasongsung.注意：ing和ed也可表状态，此时类似于adj.的作用Ifindthematchexciting.Ifindthestudentsexctied.现在分词做宾补只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.catchsb.doing：抓住某人正在….mindsb.doing:介意某人做某事imaginesb.doing:想象某人做某事leavesb./sth.doing:使得/留下某人….keepsb./sth.doing:使得某人….Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealing.Heleftthelightburning.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.注意：leave/keep也可用done做宾补，表示状态或被动Heleftthehomeworkunfinished.Wekeepthedoorclosed.过去分词做宾补1.使役动词get,have,make,keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被…”Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况2.感官动词feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.Isaw__________________robhimrobbedbyaman.Isawhim__________________takentothehospital.Fillintheblanks.Iheardsomeone_________me.Iheardmyname________.IfoundTom_______thewindow.Ifoundthewindow_______callingcalledbreakbroken.Ihadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.havesth./sb.donefindsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.getsth./sbdoneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.watchsth./sbdone3.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了tobe，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossible.Hedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.解题要点：首先要知道动词后是跟todo还是ing，ed,或是原型。其次要知道他们做宾补的区别：todo做宾补常表示要去做的动作。ing做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作ed做宾补常表示被动的动作。v.原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官v.后）此外，ing和ed做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时类似于adj.最后根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合理的最佳选项。几个特殊句式1、With的复合结构With+n.+V-ingP.P.VtodoAdj.Adv.Prep.with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：•在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。Shestoodinfro