高考英语完型填空解题技巧

高考完形填空解题技巧完形填空考点和能力要求分析命题意图：在语篇层面上考查常用词汇的准确、得体的应用。选材：以夹叙夹议或叙述文为主，信息量大，情节曲折。基本能力：1）阅读理解能力2）词汇运用能力完形填空的解题思路：1）句子理解—考查单句语境中词语运用2）上下文理解—考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用3）段落理解—围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用4）文章中心理解—围绕文章中心的文章整体语境中词语运用命题意图：在语篇层面上考查常用词汇的准确、得体的应用。选材：以叙述文、说明文为主，信息量大，情节曲折。基本能力：1）阅读理解能力2）词汇运用能力完形填空的解题思路：1）句子理解—考查单句语境中词语运用2）上下文理解—考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用3）段落理解—围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用4）文章中心理解—围绕文章中心的文章整体语境中词语运用高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，要求考生学会在例句中把握其用法，并能在考试中结合语境，推敲最佳答案。例1.（09浙江）Thetriptocitywaseye-openingforeveryone,andnearitsend,alltheyoungpeopleinourgroupbegantoreflectonwhatithadmeant.We__21___thefirstnightwehadarrived.21.A.putupwithB.gotbacktoC.lookedbackonD.madeupfor一.明确文章语境，搞清词语差异例2.Atthismoment,theairhostess___73__.Shelookedpale,butwasquite__74__.73.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared74.A.wellB.stillC.calmD.quiet73.中四个选项都有“出现、显露”方面的意思，但自身的语义特征构成了各自及物\不及物的区别。A，B，C都是及物动词，而这里应用不及物动词，表示“不期出现”之意，所以答案为D。74.still表示站着不动，quiet表示安静，不乱说，calm则表示人，镇定、。所以，答案应该是C。技巧小试1.（11北京）Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoney,andthatwasto__42__it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.42.AborrowB.earnC.raiseD.save2.(10上海)Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare__50__.Everyonehasimagination,butmostofus,oncewebecomeadults,forgethowto__51__it.Creativityisn’talways__52__withgreatworksofartorideas50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic51.A.putupwithB.catchupwithC.makeuseofD.keeptrackof52.A.equippedB.comparedC.coveredD.connected3.“Peoplearelikeapples.Theycomeinall28colors,shapesandsizes.Onthe29,someoftheapplesmaynot30lookasdeliciousastheothers.”28.A.ordinaryB.normalC.differentD.regular29.A.outsideB.wholeC.tableD.inside30.A.stillB.evenC.onlyD.ever4.Peopleare38likeapples!Theyarealldifferent,butonceyou39theoutside,they’reprettymuchthesameontheinside.”38.A.justB.alwaysC.merelyD.seldom39.A.putawayB.getdownC.handoutD.takeoff5.EventhoughitwasonlyOctober,mystudentswerealreadywhisperingaboutChristmasplans,Witheachpassingdayeveryonebecamemore__36__wthtingforthefinalschoolbellUponits_37____everyonewouldrunfortheircoatsandgohome,everyoneexceptDavid.36.A.anxiorsB.courageousC.seriousD.cautious37.A.warningB.ringingC.callingD.yelling二。近义词辨析1.（09重庆）Peopleoftenfallillbecauseofme.36,theycanhardlyblameme;itislargelytheirown37.37.A.businessB.responsibilityC.excuseD.fault2.（09广东）AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸药).OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle22thedeathofAlfredNobel.“Themerchantofdeathisdead,”thearticleread.21.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged22.A.introducingB.announcingC.implyingD.advertising3.（辽宁）Ayoungmanwasgettingreadytograduallyfromcollege,formanymonthshebad36abeautifulsportscarinadealer’sshowroom,and37hisfathercouldwell38it,hetoldhimthatwasallhewanted.36.A.expected.B.enjoyed.C.admired.D.owned37A.findingB.provingC.decidingD.knowing38.A.afford.B.offerC.keepD.like三.利用逻辑关系语.逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等；（2）短语，如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等；（3）分句和独立结构，如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中逻辑手段并列关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系【例】Thegirlbecameincreasinglyworriedaboutthis,bothwhen__46__andinherdreams.（07全国卷I）46.A.asleepB.awayC.aroundD.awake【例】Beforeleaving,Ihadturnedtheheater__48__intheroadhouse,sothatwhenwewentin,itwasniceand__49__.（07湖北卷）48.A.onB.offC.inD.over49.A.neatB.hotC.warmD.attractive【技巧小试】(1).(09全国1）ItwasalwaysthoughtthatTreasureIslandwastheproductofRobertLouisStevenson’simagination.36,recentresearchhasfoundthetruestoryofthisexcitingwork.36.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Finally7.（09重庆）Peopleoftenfallillbecauseofme.36,theycanhardlyblameme;36.A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Then3)(09湖北)Theclasswererequiredtocriticize(评论)thatessay,_40_thegradeofeveryoneinclasswouldbereduced.A.soB.andC.butD.or四.根据生活常识及文化背景知识例1：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir___.Thiswasthebeginningofanother_____dayinNewYorkCity.1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary分析：从信息词“earlymorning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B.homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的，还有去工厂车间的，不一定去办公室。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D.ordinary例2：（NMET1998）Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30.29.A.toB.atC.inD.by30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign分析：29题的答案是C，bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题，就要用到相应的文化背景知识：外国人有早上读报的习惯，句中papers即报纸（newspapers）。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识，便可迅速推断出最佳选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲，让儿子“在床上”吃早饭，“读”早报是很自然的事情。【例】Ayoungman,wetfrom__42__totoe,explainedthathehad__43__outofpetrolabout30kmuptheroad.（07湖北卷）42.A.fingerB.shoulderC.headD.hand43.A.drivenB.usedC.comeD.run【例】Javabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatestevent:“theNightoftheFullMoon”,afestival（节日）thatisespeciallypopular__44__youngpeople.（07安徽卷）44