Nonverbal-Communication.ppt-跨文化

NONVERBALCOMMUNICATION•Theimportanceofnonverbal•Definingnonverbal•Studyingnonverbal•Nonverbalcommunication•ClassificationofnonverbalcommunicationbodybehaviorparalanguagefacialexpressionseyecontactandgazetouchTheImportanceOfNonverbalCommunication“listofallthesituationswherenonverbalcommunicationplaysanimportantrolewouldbeinterminable”------KnappandHallreason1.peopleusethismessagesystemtoexpressattitudes,feelingsandemotions.2.itispartiallyresponsibleforcreatingimpressions.3.itoffersyouandyourpartneraboutyourconversations.Definitionnonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallthosenonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthataregeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathavepotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.Functionsinvoles1.intentionalandunintentionalmessageawiderangeofactionthatotherscantreatassymotomaticoftheactor(communicator),theexpectationbeingthattheactionwasperformedforreasonsotherthantheinformationconveyedinthisway2.verbalandnonverbalcommunicationnonverbalcommunicationismultidimensionalactivity,itusuallyinteractswithverbalmessages.StudyingNonverbalCommunication1.NonverbalcommunicationcanbeamniguousWecanneverbesurethatothersunderstandthemeaningsweintendedtoexpresswithouronverbalbehavior.ReasonnonverbalcommunicationcanbecontextualanincidentinanelevatorTherefore,whenyouuseorinterpretnonverbalcommunication,youneedtobeawareoftheambiguousnatureofthisformofinteraction2.Multiplefactorscaninfluencenonverbalcommunicationculturalbackground,socioeconomicbackground,education,gender,age,personalpreferencesandidiosyncraies.Notallpeopleinaparticularcultureengageinthesamenonverbalactions,sointerpretationofnonverbalcommuniactionmustbecarefullyevaluatedbeforegeneralizationscanbemade.3.Nonverbalcommunicationiscontextualdifferentsituationsorenviromentsproducedifferentnonverbalmessages.ItisthesettingthatoffersnormsandguidelinesforyourinterpersonalactionsNonverbalCommunicationandCultureReasonwhatemotionsarefelt,howtheyareexpressed,andhowtheyareunderstoodaremattersofculture.Itmeansthatyourculturehastaughtyouwhatnonverbalactionstodisplay,themeaningofthoseactions,andthecontextualbackdropofthoseactions.thereforenonverbalcommunicationplaysacrucialandnecessarypartincommunicativeinteractionsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theconnectionsbetweennonverbalcommunicationandculture1.invisibleomnipresentlearned2.elusivespontaneousfrequentlybeyondyourawareness3.persvasivemultidimentionalboundless4.instinctiveandlearnedRelationshipbetweenlearningandnonverbalcommnunicationpeolpletheworldoverexperiencethesamebasicemotions.Butwhatsparksaparticularemotion,howandwhereapersonexperssesit,andhowpeopledefinesemotionsingeneralvaryasmattersofculture.Inglobalperspective,therefore,everydaylifediffersontonlyintermsofhowpeoplethinkandact,burhowtheyinfusetheirliveswithfeelings.ClassificationsofNonverbalCommunicationTwocomprehensivecatagories1.thosethatareprimarilyproducedbythebody(appearance,movement,facialexpressions,eyecontact,touch,andparalanguage)2.thosethattheindividualcomnineswiththesetting(space,time,andsilence)BodyBehaviorTheinfluenceofapperancethepowerofcommunicationtodrawothersortodrivethemawayderivesasmuchfromhowweappearasfromthelanguagewedeploy.exampleFromancienttimetothepresent1.facepaintinginpartsofAfrica,inSouthAmerica,andamongsomeNativeAmericanTribes.2.facialtattoosinEthipiaandEritreaJudgementsofbeauty1.Animportantcomponentofapperanceistheperceptionofattractivessandbeauty.2.Ininterculturalcommunication,apperanceisimportantbecauseone'sbodyimageandthesatisfactionwithitresultfromcomparisonswithanimplicitculturalidealandstandard.3.Theidealvariesfromculturetoculture:leanessandtrimnessisasignofattractiveinUSbutanevidenceofunhappiness,disease,ormistreatmentatthehandsofone'shusbandinlargepartsofAfrica4.ethnocentrism:peopleintolerantofdifferentculturalpracticesoftenfailtorealizethattheyhadbeenraisedinoneofthoseothercultures,theywouldbrpracticingthoseallegedlydisgustingandirrationalcustoms.5.linkbetweenethnocentrismandbeautywhatisseenasbeatifulinoneculturemaylookhideoustopeoplefromotherculture.ThemessagesofskincolorThemessagesofattire1.garments:animportantvalueinArabculture2.inallitsguises,clothinginscribesideologicesoftruthanddeception,echoingthewordsofscripture,andrevealing--andunraveling--thathonorcanonlybeattainedwheneveyrobedonnedisarobeofhonorandeverygarmentagarmentofpiety.Bodymovement:howpeopleholdthemselves,stand,sit,andwalkcommunicatesstrongnonverbalmessages.•kinesics:thestudyofhowmovementcommunicates,indicatingyourattitudetowardtheotherperson,youremotionalstate,andyourdesiretocontrolyourenvironment.1.themessagesthebodygeneratesonlyincombinationwithothermessages.2.bodylanguageisuniversalandculturebound.3.bodyactionislesscontrollableandmostoftenisspontaneous.•posture1.signalwhetherornotpeoplearepayingattantion,thedegreeofstatusintheencounter,andevenhowmuchtheylikeordislikeeachother.2.revealreligiouspractices,feelingsofsubmissiveness,andevensexualintentions.Specially,onaninternationallevelhowyougreet,move,sitduringinteractionc