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中考英语语法难点汇总介词I.要点1、介词和种类(1)简单介词,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)复合介词,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat等。(3)和名词的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等。3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如:Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)at,on,in(表时间)表示时间点用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2)between,among(表位置)between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between,如I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3)beside,besidesbeside意为在……旁边,而besides意为除……之外。如:Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4)inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法(6)inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外(7)inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8)bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题例1.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?A.exceptB.butC.besideD.besides解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为除了……,C-beside意为在……旁边,不符合题意。而D-besides,意为除了……之外,还有。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?例2.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during解析:我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。例3.I'mlookingforward____yourletter.A.toB.inC.atD.on解析:该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配,意为期望、盼望。连词I.要点1、连词的种类(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。(2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和,并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和,既……也……BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是,而I'msad,butheishappy.(4)either…or或……或……,要么……要么……Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.(5)for因为Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而,可是Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不……也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但……而且……Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者,否则Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此,所以It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although虽然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一……就……I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因为Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非,如果不Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到……Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not…until结构)Hestayedthereuntileleven.(16)while当……时候,而(表示对比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.(17)for因为Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(结论是推断出来的)(18)since自从……Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(19)hardly…when一……就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(20)asfaras就……来说AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II.例题例1.Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B.例2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.while解析:该处意为然而,只有while有此意思,故选D。例3.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析:该处意为或者,正确答案为C。动词时态、语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、现在进行时(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如:Whatareyoudoingnow?(2)和always,continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如:I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。如:Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例。时/式一般进行完成现在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill过去将来shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例题例1.Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.A.haddiedB.diedC.deadD.isdead解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。例2.Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.A.islookedB.haslookedforC.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。短语动词I.要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:(1)动词+介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Don'tlaughatothers.Ididn'tcare
本文标题:指点迷津――中考英语语法考点一网打尽学习啊
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