爱尔兰的教育

TheEducationinIreland---Group8CONTENTThesystemofIreland'seducationThescientistsThecharacteristicsofIreland'seducationUniversitiesTraditionally,Irisheducationwasundertakenbyvariousreligiousorders,mostlyRomanCatholic(罗马天主教).withtheresultthatfortyyearsago,almostthreequartersofexistingschoolwere”denominational”(教派的).InIrelandtoday,therearemanyschoolofCatholicorientation,farfewerofProtestant;oneJewishandoneMuslimschool.1960TheIrishgovernmentmadeeducatingitsyoungpeoplepriority.Abouthalfeachgenerationemigrated,oftentolow-leveljobsintheUnitedKingdomorAmerica.instituteasystemofteacherpaymentspercapitagrantsforsectarianor“denominational”schoolthusrenderingthemvirtuallyfreeforstudentswhilemaintainingtheformersectarianstructuresofedcationresultafter1960,theparticipationinsecondleveledcationrosefromabout45%toupto90%In1996-1997theIrishgovernmentextendedfreeeducationtocoverallpublicuniersities,asiscommoninmostofEuropeancourtries.Asaresult,todaytheIrisheducationsystemisamongthecheapestandbestinEurope-buttheuniversitiesthemselvescomplaintheyarechronically(长期地)starvedforfunding.Itshouldbenotedthat“free”edcationatIrishuniversitiesisopenonlytoestablishedIrishresidents.InIreland,edcationiscompulsory(义务的)forchildrenaged6to15.AllchildrenintheRepublicmustlearntheIrishlanguage.TheeducationsystemisadministeredcentrallybytheDepartmentofEducationwhichprovidesthebulkofcurrentandcapitalfunding.ThreelevelsoftheIrelandeducationFirst-levelSecond-levelThird-levelPresentCurriculumGeographyIrishMathematicsEnglishFrenchArtHistoryMusicPhysicalEducationCraftsSocialandEnvironmentalStudiesFirst-levelSchoolsThevastmajorityofchildrenreceivetheirprimaryeducationin“nationalschools”;i.e.,state-aidedprimaryschools.•Ateamofstate-appointedinspectorsandadvisersensuresthatstandardsinnationalschoolsaremaintained.•VariousTypesstate-ownedacomparativelysmallnumberofcomprehensiveandcommunityschoolsmostsecondaryschoolsprivatelyownedtheLeavingCertificateexamsChineseGaokaohighlycompetitiveandverystressfulTherearefivepublicuniversitiesintheState.TheRegionalTechnicalCollegeandtheDublinInstituteofTechnologyplaceaheavyemphasisonappliedscienceandontechnologicaleducation,particularlyintheareaofthenewtechnologies.Manyofthesethird-levelinstitutionsexpandedrapidlyinthe1970stomeetthegovernment'sdemandformoreinclusiveuniversityeducationfortheIrishpeople.Sincethemid-1980s,however,theIrishpopulationhasbeguntodecline,withtheresultthattheIrishuniversitysectorisexpandingrapidlyintotheforeignmarket.Thebiggestcharacteristicisofall-rounddevelopment,especiallypayattentiontophysicalexercise,everydaytheywillbeorganizedorspontaneousorganizationofextracurricularsportsactivities,fromexerciseteambasketball,football,toenhanceendurancerunning,walking,thisisnotonlytheirlife,buttheyarepartofschoollife.TheoutlineoftheprimaryschooleducationinIrelandclearlystipulatesthephysicaleducationcurriculummustincludesixsportsactivities:AthleticsDancegymnasticsGamesOutdoorandadventureactivitiesaquaticsMoststudentswillreadintothenearestforconvenienceandaslongasthereisproofofresidenceinIreland,totheageoftheage,caneasilyadmission.Sotherewillbeaclassofstudentsofdifferentnationalities,differentcolor,disabledchildrenandnormalchildreninthesameclassintheclassisalsoverycommon.Therefore,itisanimportantstandardtomeasurewhetheraschoolisagoodone.Oneoftheeffectivewayistocarryoutindividualizededucation.IrelandisanoguncountryandIreland'sschoolsareclosed,donotallowoutsiderstovisit.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheschooltovisit,inadvanceatleast1monthstosubmitonlineapplications,aftertheschoolgivingapproval,youcanvisittheschool.Studentsarenotallowedtogohomealone,thechild'sschoolhasaschoolbusride,ifyoudonotusetheschoolbus,parentsorguardiansneedtopersonallypick.Irelandhasaclearanddetaileddescriptionofthelocationofchildren'sfacilities.Ifitispossibletoaffectthechild'shealth,safetyfacilitiesandbuildings,mustbefarawayfromchildren.Inchildren'sfacilities,Irelandhastwospecializedindependentregulatoryagenciesthatareindependentofthesocialsector.---TuslaInspectionsandPobalComplianceVisits.MiddleschoolstudentsinIrelandfor6years,whichwasthreeyearsbeforetheinitialstage,aftertwoyearsofhighschool,inparticularherefourthyears(TransitionYear)istheconversionstagethisyear,thechildrenwillbeappropriatetotakesomecourses,butismorecontactwithsociety,increaseknowledge.UniversitiesTheNationalUniversityofIreland(NUI)isafederaluniversitysystemofconstituentuniversities,previouslycalledconstituentcolleges,andrecognizedcollegessetupundertheIrishUniversitiesActandsignificantlyamendedbytheUniversitiesAct.爱尔兰国立大学，它是一个大学联盟.其联盟成员有:国立都柏林大学、国立科克大学、国立盖尔维大学、国立梅努斯大学，它们分别位于都柏林((Dublin)、科克(Cork)、盖尔维(Galway)及梅努斯(Maynooth)。爱尔兰国立科克大学(UniversityCollegeCork-NationalUniversityofIreland,Cork)爱尔兰国立都柏林大学(UniversityCollegeDublin-NationalUniversityofIreland,Dublin)scientistsRobertBoyle罗伯特·波义耳(1627-1691)《TheScepticalChemist》《怀疑派化学家》Boylewasaleadingintellectualfigureofthe17thcenturyandoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry，oftencalledthe“fatherofchemistry”.HewasaprominentAnglo-Irish19th-centuryphysici