Book 1-Unit 4-Grammar-Attributive Clause

1.AppreciateanEnglishsongtitledMyLovesungbyWestlife.音乐链接41779-WESTLIFE-mylove[68mtv.com].mp41.(Imiss)thedays(which/that)wehad…(Ising)thesongs(which/that)wesangtogether…Weareholdingonforever,reachingforthelove(which/that)seemssofar.(I)hopemydreamswilltakemetherewheretheskiesareblue.(I)willfindtheplace(which/that)Ilovemostwherethefieldsaregreen.Anattributiveclause(定语从句)givesmoreinformationaboutsomeoneorsomethingreferredtointhemainclause（主句）.e.g.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Anattributiveclausemaybeginwitharelativepronoun(关系代词)suchasthat,which,who,whom,andwhose.Somesamplesentencescontainingattributiveclausesareasthefollowing.Foreachofthesentences,howcanwebreakitintotwo?1)ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.2)Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.(/which)3)Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.4)Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.(/that)幻灯片75)Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6)Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.幻灯片97)Thegirlwhoseworkgottheprizeistheyoungestinherclass.8)It’sthehousewhosedoorispaintedred.幻灯片109)Thepeoplewhocalledyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.10)Thisisthebook(which/that)youwanted.幻灯片10定语从句(AttributiveClauses)定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词(antecedent)。引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose等)和关系副词(where,when,why等)。关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起着三个作用:①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中作句子成分(主、宾、(表)、定、状)。本单元学习关系代词引导的定语从句。【自我归纳】通过观察上面所列例句,归纳关系代词引导的定语从句的用法如下：①关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(句3、句5、句6)。幻灯片5②关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语,在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换(句6)。幻灯片6③关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(句4、句10)。幻灯片5④关系代词that既可以指人也可以指___，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(句2、句6、句9、句10)。幻灯片5⑤关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作______（句7、句8）。幻灯片6⑥关系代词在从句中作宾语时,无论指人或指物，在口语中都可省略(句6、句10)。幻灯片6物定语whoorthat?指人时，关系代词who,whom和that都可以使用。但下列情况下，通常使用who或whom引导定语从句，不用that。①当先行词为指人的不定代词he,any,they,all,anyone,one,ones,noone,nobody,anybody,none,somebody,those,people，person等时。如:1)Allwhocandancewellwillbeinvited.(who在从句中作主语。)2)Thosewhom/whoheknowswillbeinvited.(whom/who在从句中作宾语。)②当先行词和关系代词位置被分离时，如：Anewteacherwillcomewhohasbeenstudyingabroad.③指人的关系代词在从句中作主语时。如：Iwillpardonhimwhoishonest.(一般用who)④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who。如：1)EverystudentthatisfromChinawholikesEnglishwillhaveachancetogetabook.2)EverystudentthatisfromChinaandlikesEnglishwillhaveachancetogetabook.⑤在therebe句型中。如：Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.whichorthat?指代事物时，关系代词which和that都可以使用。但下列情况下，通常使用that引导定语从句，而不用which。①当先行词为all,something,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,noone,some,none等不定代词或先行词被any,each,some,(the)only,few,little,no,all,every,(the)very,theright,justthe等词修饰时。如:（同理：此类词修饰指人的先行词时，关系代词不用who而用that。）Don’tbelieveeverythingthathetellsyou.Allthepresentsthatyourfriendsgiveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.②当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：Thentheytalkedofthepersonsandthingsthatinterestedthem.③当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：Thefirst(/mostimportant)thingthatmustbedonenowistoputupatent.（同理：指人先行词被序数最高修饰，用that非who。)④当句子中已有which时，为了避免重复，用that。如：WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmewell?五个关系代词记忆技巧•指人指物或双指，主、宾、表或者定，从句成份要分清：1）which指物主宾表，that可以取代之；特殊先行词、同指人和物、序数最高级、已有which免重复，只用that不用which。2）who指人作主宾表，一般可用that代；特殊先行词、先行关系两分离、从句当中作主语、避免重复和therebe句型，只用who而不用that；特殊、序数、最高级，修饰限定先行词，使用that不用who。3）whom从句作宾语，口语常用who/that取代。4）which,that,who,whom,从句为宾口语（可）省。5）whose指人且指物，充当从句的定语，不与其他四个混（淆）。1Completeeachsentenceusingthat,which,whoorwhose.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinesewithyourpartners.1.Herearemyneighbors______homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.whosewho3.Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersinopenairmadewithanything______theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings_____________hadbeendamagedwererepaired.5.Thisfrightenedboy______motherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.(that)which/thatwhose6.Wewenttoseeourteacher_______husbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.7.“Isthistheyoungman_____savedseveralpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”sheasked.8.Anumberofchildren________parentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.whosewhowhoseI.用适当的关系词填空。1.Areyouthelady__________askedforsoap?2.Manypeoplehavefriends________socialbackgroundsaredifferentfromtheirs.3.Shehadshownpicturesofaplant____________hadrecentlybeendiscovered.whosewho/thatwhich/that4.Therewasanoldmaninthevillage________________noneofusliked.5.Thegirl_______photoItookatthepartywaspleasedwithit.6.YesterdayIranintoanoldfriend________________Ihadn’tseenforyears.7.In1519atraveler__________wenttoAmericafromEuropediscoveredthetomato.(whom/who/that)whose(whom/who/that)who/that8.I’vebeenthinkingaboutthequestions__________youaskedmelastweek.9.Thisisthevillage____________Ievervisitedlastyear.10.Iwillalwaysrememberthedays____________Ispentwithmygrandmother.11.Iwillneverforgettheboy_________everhelpedme.12.Mr.Smithlivesintheroom______doorisgreen.(which/that)(that/which)(which/that)who/thatwhoseII.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。1.Thisisthebestfilm__________________