医学英语口语心血管词汇学习

医学英语口语:心血管词汇学习基本词根:词根或词干是复合词的核心，主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时，若连接处无元音字母，需加上连接元音字母0或icardio；heart心脏(electrocardiogram心电图，cardiology心脏病学)corono；crown，theheart冠，心脏(coronarybypass冠状动脉搭桥术)aorto：aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)atrio：cavity，atrium心房(atrioseptoplasty房间隔修补术)ventrio：ventricle心室(intraventricularblock室内传导阻滞)angio；vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)vasolavessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)artero；artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)veno；vein静脉(venostasis静脉淤滞)phlebo；vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)stetho：chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)thoraco：chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)sphygmo：pulse脉搏(sphygmomanometer血压计，sphygmopalpation切脉)hemo；blood血(hemorrhage出血)hemato：blood血(hematuria血尿)plasmo：plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)thrombo；clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)fibrofiber，fiberoustissue纤维(组织)(myocardialfibrosis心肌纤维化)agglutino；clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)globo:round，globe圆的，球(globin球蛋白)sero:serum血清(seroenzyme血清酶)lympho:lymph淋巴(1ymphadenitis淋巴结炎)athero：fattybuildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)myo：muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病；myocardium心肌)cyto；cell细胞(cytotoxic细胞毒的)angino；choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)tacho；quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)brachy:short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)2常用后缀:后缀加于词根／词干之后，不仅改变其意义，还决定该词的词性.2．1名词后缀加在词干之后，变成名词。如：一ia：condition条件或情况(anemia贫血，ischemia缺血)-itis：inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)-osis：abnormalorpathologicalcondition(sclerosis硬化症)-ism；acondition(embolism栓塞)一(i)um：与.......有关(pericardium心包)-let：指小词(platelet血小板)一ulc：指小词(venule小静脉)一ulum：指小词(vasculum小血管)2．2形容词后缀加在词干之后，变成形容词。如：-ac，-al，一ar：......的(cardiac心脏的bronchia1支气管的)-eal：.......的(esophageal食道的)-ous：(intravenous静脉内的)一old，类.....的，......样的(cystoid囊样的)2．3复合后缀由词干和一个简单的后缀构成。如，一algia：pain(thorcalgia胸痛)．一ectasia，dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)一emia：bloodcondition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)一odynia：pain痛(cardiodynia心痛)一penia:deficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)一uria:urinecondition尿的情况(hematuria血尿)一graphy：processofrecording记录(electrocardiography心电描记术)一lysis：dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)一blast：未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)一sclerosis：ahardening硬化(arteriosclerosis动脉硬化)一stenosls:anorrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)一tomy：cut，incision切开(pericardiotomy心包切开术)3常用前缀:前缀加于词根／词干前限制其意义，多数情况下一个复合词前有一个前缀，有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义一；无，非(atypical非典型性的)an一：无，非(anuriastage无尿期anemia贫血)anti一：against抗(antldiuretichormone抗利尿激素)circum一：around环(circumduction环行运动)contra一：against抗(contraindication禁忌症)de一：from从(deoxidation脱氧)dys一：bad坏，困难(dyssystole心收缩异常)endo一：inside，inner内部(endogenous内源性的，en—docardial心内膜的)epi一：over，upon外部，上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)hyper一：above，excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖ventricularhypertrophy心室肥厚)hypo—lunder，lessthannormal低于正常(hyponatremia低钠血症hyposystole心收缩过弱)inter一：between在......之间(interventricularseptum室间隔)intra一：within在......之内(intravenous静脉内的)pars一：beside，alongside旁，附着(paravenous静脉旁的)peri:around周围(endopericarditis心内膜心包炎)post—:after后(postifarctionsyndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)pre一：before在......之前(precardium心前区)sub—:under在......之下，亚(subleukemicleukemia亚白血性白血病)super一：above，over高于，超过(superoxideanion超氧化物阴离子)supra：above，over高于，超过(supraventriculartachy—cardia室上性心动过速)A阿埃艾按奥阿什曼现象(曾用名“阿希曼现象”)Ashmanphenomenon阿-斯综合征Adams-Stokessyndrome埃布斯坦综合征Ebsteinsyndrome,Ebsteinanomaly艾森门格综合征Eisenmengersyndrome按需型起搏器demandpacemaker奥斯丁.弗林特杂音AustinFlintmurmurB靶瓣泵闭变病并波搏不布部靶心率targetheartrate瓣口反流面积regurgitantvalveorificearea泵衰竭pumpfailure闭塞性心肌病obliterativecardiomyopathy变力性inotropic变时性chronotropic变速ramp变异型心绞痛variantanginapectoris,Prinzmetalangina病毒性心包炎viralpericarditis病毒性心肌炎viralmyocarditis病态窦房结综合征sicksinussyndrome,SSS并行收缩parasystoleQRS波群QRScomplexQ波心肌梗死Q-wavemyocardialinfarction搏动pulsation不稳定型心绞痛unstableanginapectoris布兰德-怀特-加兰德综合征Bland-White-Garlandsyndrome部分阻滞partialblockC侧长超陈成程充出除触传磁侧支循环collateralcirculation长Q-T间期综合征longQ-Tsyndrome长轴观long-axisview超常传导supernormalconduction超常激动supernormalexcitation超声波ultrasonicwave超声电子计算机切面显像［术］ultrasoniccomputertomography超声切面显像［术］ultrasonotomography超声全息ultrasonicholography超声束ultrasonicbeam超声图ultrasonogram超声心动描记术echocardiography,ultrasoniccardiography,UCG超声诊断ultrasonicdiagnosis超速overdrive超速抑制overdrivesuppression陈旧性心肌梗死oldmyocardialinfarction成串train成串期前收缩salvoperematurebeat成对刺激couplestimulation成对期前收缩coupletsprematurebeat程控刺激programmedelectricalstimulation,PES程控额外刺激programmedextrastimulation程控扫描programmedscanning充血性心力衰竭congestiveheartfailure出血性心包炎hemorrhagicpericarditis除极(又称“去极化”)depolarization触发激动triggeredactivity触发型起搏triggeredpacing传出阻滞exitblock传导比例conductionratio传入阻滞entranceblock磁频率magnetrateD大单导等低第递电吊动冻窦短对多夺大动脉错位malpositionofgreatarteries大隐静脉瓣功能试验(又称“布罗迪-特伦德伦堡试验”)Brodie-Trendelenburgtest大折返macro-reentry单极导联unipolarlead单向阻滞unidirectionalblock单心房singleatrium单心室singleventricel导管后型主动脉缩窄coarctationofaorta,postductaltype导管前型主动脉缩窄coarctationofaorta,preductaltype导联lead等长运动isometricexercise等容舒张期isovolumicrelaxationphase低动力hypokinesis低心排血量综合征lowcardiacoutputsyndrome低血容量性休克hypovolemicshock低血压hypotension第二心音secondheartsound,S2第二心音固定分裂fixedsplittingofsecondheartsound第二心音逆分裂paradoxicalsplittingofsecondheartsound第三心音thirdheartsound,S3第四心音fourthheartsound,S4第一心音firstheartsound,S1递减传导decrementalconduction递增起搏incrementalpacing电机械分离electricalmechanicaldissociation电生理检查electrophysiologicstudy,EPS电