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20039162003-9-162jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-163jasonli@vip.sina.com•Measure[ISO/IEC14598-1]CC++•Measure[ISO/IEC14598-1]•Measurement[ISO/IEC14598-1]•Metric[ISO/IEC14598-1]IndicatorIndicatorMetric•Indicator[ISO/IEC14598-1]•ProcessCapability[CMMVersion1.1]•ProcessMaturity[CMMVersion1.1]•ProcessPerformance[CMMVersion1.1]2003-9-164jasonli@vip.sina.com––––––2––0-1–––––1–––2003-9-165jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-166jasonli@vip.sina.com/2003-9-167jasonli@vip.sina.com/2003-9-168jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-169jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1610jasonli@vip.sina.com•––•––•––•––••–2003-9-1611jasonli@vip.sina.com––––––2003-9-1612jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1613jasonli@vip.sina.com•GQMGoal-Question-Measurement•PSMPracticalSoftwareMeasurement“G”“Q”“M”2003-9-1614jasonli@vip.sina.comCMMI•SG1–SP1.1–SP1.2–SP1.3–SP1.4•SG2–SP2.1–SP2.2–SP2.3–SP2.4•GG2GP2.1–2.10•GG3GP3.1–3.22003-9-1615jasonli@vip.sina.comISPMM2003-9-1616jasonli@vip.sina.comISPMM2003-9-1617jasonli@vip.sina.comISPMM2003-9-1618jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1619jasonli@vip.sina.com12n…12…m12…kX50402003-9-1620jasonli@vip.sina.comISPMM2003-9-1621jasonli@vip.sina.comISPMM••••••2003-9-1622jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1623jasonli@vip.sina.comØ“”Ø–––2003-9-1624jasonli@vip.sina.com•Itisconsideredmeaningfulbythecustomer,manager,andperformer.•Itdemonstratedquantifiablecorrelationbetweenprocessperturbationsandbusinessperformance.•Itisobjectiveandunambiguouslydefined.•Itdisplaystrends.•Itisanaturalby-productoftheprocess.•Itissupportedbyautomation.•Metricsmustbesimple,objective,easytocollect,easytointerpret,andhardtomisinterpret.•Metricscollectionmustbeautomatedandnonintrusive,thatis,notinterferewiththeactivitiesofdevelopers.•Metricsmustprovideconsistentassessmentsthroughoutthelifecycle,especiallyinearlyphases,wheneffortstoimprovequalityhaveahighpayoff.•Metrics,bothvaluesandtrends,mustbeusedactivelybymanagementandengineeringpersonnelforcommunicatingprogressandqualityinaconsistentformat.•Metrics’fidelityimprovesacrossthelifecycle.2003-9-1625jasonli@vip.sina.com•Themeasuresshouldrelatecloselytotheissueunderstudy.Theseareusuallyissuesofquality,resourceconsumption,orelapsedtime.•Theyshouldhavehighinformationcontent..•Theyshouldpassarealitytest.•Theyshouldpermiteasyandeconomicalcollectionofdata.•Theyshouldpermitconsistentlycollected,well-defineddata.•Theyshouldshowmeasurablevariation.•Theyshouldhavediagnosticvalueandbeabletohelpyouidentifynotonlythatsomethingunusualhashappenedbutalsowhatmightbecausingit.2003-9-1626jasonli@vip.sina.comØØØØØ2003-9-1627jasonli@vip.sina.com12n…12…m12…kX50402003-9-1628jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1629jasonli@vip.sina.comÙ–Workandprogress–Budgetedcostandexpenditures–StaffingandteamdynamicsÙ–Changetrafficandstability,whichisrelationshipbetweenopenedandclosedsoftwarechangeorders.–Breakageandmodularity,whichisaveragebreakagetrendovertime–Reworkandadaptability,whichisreworktrendovertime–MTBFandmaturity,whichisMTBFtrendovertime2003-9-1630jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1631jasonli@vip.sina.com/2003-9-1632jasonli@vip.sina.comISO91262003-9-1633jasonli@vip.sina.comσσσσσσσσσσσ∇∇σσ∇∇σσ∇∇σ∇σσσσσσ∇σ2003-9-1634jasonli@vip.sina.comSW-CMMSW-CMM2003-9-1635jasonli@vip.sina.comSW-CMM6061527162620%20%40%60%80%100%RMPPTOSMQACMSWSW--CMMCMM6636362003-9-1636jasonli@vip.sina.com¾¾[TSP]50%[TSP]50%[TSP]80/202003-9-1637jasonli@vip.sina.com“80/20”1.80%20%2.80%20%3.80%20%4.80%20%5.80%20%6.80%20%2003-9-1638jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1639jasonli@vip.sina.comÌ–––––Ì––––2003-9-1640jasonli@vip.sina.com(a)(b)0204060801000204060801002003-9-1641jasonli@vip.sina.com//2003-9-1642jasonli@vip.sina.com024681012141618200123456789101112134.710.7122003-9-1643jasonli@vip.sina.comabc2003-9-1644jasonli@vip.sina.com•6Sigma•ScatterDiagrams•RunChart•Histograms•Cause-and-effectdiagrams(Fish-Bone)•BarChart•ParetoCharts•RegressionAnalysis•ControlChart(SPC)2003-9-1645jasonli@vip.sina.comCLCL-3σCL+3σCL-2σCL-σCL+2σCL+σUCLLCL2003-9-1646jasonli@vip.sina.comX-R•–––•–n2–RnRjRn10•–X–X2σ–Xσ–X2003-9-1647jasonli@vip.sina.comX-RkjXnXniij≤≤=∑=111Xjknn∑==kiiXkX11XXkjXXRjjj≤≤−=1minmax∑==kiiRkR11RRAXUCLX2+=RAXLCLX2−=32RA=σRDUCLR4=RDLCLR3=XXσΑ2RRD3D42003-9-1648jasonli@vip.sina.comXmR••––•–X–X2σ–Xσ–X–“”2003-9-1649jasonli@vip.sina.comSPCX-RX-SXmRMAMRcu2003-9-1650jasonli@vip.sina.comÌÌÌÌ2003-9-1651jasonli@vip.sina.com12342003-9-1652jasonli@vip.sina.com02468101214161820030405060708090100110120130140150CLUCLLCLLSLUSLτ6σs6σ1σsσ2σs=σzτ0zτ=0zτ03σsσzτ3σs-σz-3σs-σ=τ=3σs-σzτ-3σs-σ2003-9-1653jasonli@vip.sina.com2003-9-1654jasonli@vip.sina.comØØØCMM/CMMIØØ2003-9-1655jasonli@vip.sina.com//////2003-9-1656jasonli@vip.sina.comI–1021117.3168.75746Project374.512751311Project29.48300411Project10200400600800100012000204060801000200400600800100012000204060801002003-9-1657jasonli@vip.sina.comII–050100150200250300350()2003-9-1658jasonli@vip.sina.comIII–050100150200250300350400450
本文标题:软件过程质量度量与控制
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